Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35629723›Full record

ReviewMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2022

A Review of Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Techniques for Defect Detection: Application to Fusion Welding and Future Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Processes.

Masoud Shaloo, Martin Schnall, Thomas Klein, Norbert Huber, Bernhard Reitinger

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
10.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 117 citations in OpenAlex.

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  15. Coded Excitation for Ultrasonic Testing: A Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Masoud ShalooLKR Light Metals Technologies Ranshofen, Austrian Institute of Technology, Lamprechtshausenerstraße 61, 5282 Ranshofen, Austria.ORCID 0000-0001-7703-3212
Martin SchnallLKR Light Metals Technologies Ranshofen, Austrian Institute of Technology, Lamprechtshausenerstraße 61, 5282 Ranshofen, Austria.
Thomas KleinLKR Light Metals Technologies Ranshofen, Austrian Institute of Technology, Lamprechtshausenerstraße 61, 5282 Ranshofen, Austria.
Norbert HuberRECENDT Research Center for Non Destructive Testing GmbH, Science Park 2/2. OG, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria.
Bernhard ReitingerRECENDT Research Center for Non Destructive Testing GmbH, Science Park 2/2. OG, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria.ORCID 0000-0003-4575-9005
Austrian Institute of Technology · ATResearch Center for Non Destructive Testing (Austria) · AT

Funding

Amt der Niederösterreichischen Landesregierung FFG Nr. 886184Amt der Oberösterreichischen Landesregierung FFG Nr. 886184Steirische Wirtschaftsförderungsgesellschaft m.b.H FFG Nr. 886184The Austrian Funding Agency (FFG) FFG Nr. 886184The ministry of "Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology" (BMK) FFG Nr. 886184The ministry of "Digital and Economic Affairs" (BMDW) FFG Nr. 886184Wirtschaftsagentur Wien. Ein Fonds der Stadt Wien FFG Nr. 886184
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) and fusion welding, various defects such as porosity, cracks, deformation and lack of fusion can occur during the fabrication process. These have a strong impact on the mechanical properties and can also lead to failure of the manufactured parts during service. These defects can be recognized using non-destructive testing (NDT) methods so that the examined workpiece is not harmed. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of various NDT techniques for WAAM and fusion welding, including laser-ultrasonic, acoustic emission with an airborne optical microphone, optical emission spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, laser opto-ultrasonic dual detection, thermography and also in-process defect detection via weld current monitoring with an oscilloscope. In addition, the novel research conducted, its operating principle and the equipment required to perform these techniques are presented. The minimum defect size that can be identified via NDT methods has been obtained from previous academic research or from tests carried out by companies. The use of these techniques in WAAM and fusion welding applications makes it possible to detect defects and to take a step towards the production of high-quality final components.

Indexed as

acoustic emissionairborne optical microphonefusion weldinglaser-induced breakdown spectroscopylaser opto-ultrasonic dual detectionlaser-ultrasonicNDTthermographyWire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

Identifiers

PMID35629723
PMCPMC9147555
OpenAlexW4281250217

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.