ReviewLife (Basel, Switzerland)2022
The Trinity of Skin: Skin Homeostasis as a Neuro-Endocrine-Immune Organ.
Review in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Skin on Drugs: Psychotropic Compounds in Cutaneous Biology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Antibacterial electrospun nanofibrous mats fabricated from polycaprolactone, gelatin andRSC advances · 2026Article
- Review
- Sympathetic nerve aggravates autoimmune skin disease via NE-adrenergic receptor axis: Neuroimmune cross-talk insights from vitiligo.Science advances · 2026Article
- High-salt diet aggravates skin inflammation of psoriasis-like mouse model with CCL20‒CCR6 axis further activation.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2026Article
- Metapanax delavayi extract as a neurocutaneous modulator via CRHR1/POMC/MC1R signaling.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The brain-skin connection: A narrative review of neuroendocrine and immune pathways.JAAD international · 2026Article
- Associations of Sleep Quality and Perceived Stress with Skin, Scalp, and Hair Health Among 1,017 Chinese Women: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic progress in rosacea: targeting the neuro-vascular-immune triad.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- From the TPR pathway and the neuroimmune unit to the cutaneous HPA axis: a neuro-endo-immune cross-talk in rosacea.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Rebalancing the Skin: The Microbiome, Acne Pathogenesis, and the Future of Natural and Synthetic Therapies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Skin-Brain Axis: neural pathways in acupuncture treatment.Chinese medicine · 2025Review
- Spatiotemporal Adaptations-Driven Dynamic Thra Activation Simulates a Skin Wound Healing Response.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Exosomes: A Promising Cell-Free Therapeutic Tool for Treating Cutaneous Nerve Injuries and Promoting Wound Healing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Sensitivity of Various Indicators in a Mouse Sensitive Skin Model Treatment with 4-tert-Butylcyclohexanol and Pimecrolimus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Managing a Burning Face: Clinical Manifestations and Therapeutic Approaches for Neurogenic Rosacea.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Caffeine as an Active Molecule in Cosmetic Products for Hair Loss: Its Mechanisms of Action in the Context of Hair Physiology and Pathology.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Ontogeny of Skin Stem Cells and Molecular Underpinnings.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Metabolic Profiling for Unveiling Mechanisms of Kushenol F against Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis with UHPLC/MS Analysis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A Catastrophic Biodiversity Loss in the Environment Is Being Replicated on the Skin Microbiome: Is This a Major Contributor to the Chronic Disease Epidemic?Microorganisms · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
For a long time, skin was thought to be no more than the barrier of our body. However, in the last few decades, studies into the idea of skin as an independent functional organ have gradually deepened our understanding of skin and its functions. In this review, we gathered evidence that presented skin as a "trinity" of neuro-endocrine-immune function. From a neuro perspective, skin communicates through nerves and receptors, releasing neurotrophins and neuropeptides; from an endocrine perspective, skin is able to receive and secrete most hormones and has the cutaneous equivalent of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; from an immune perspective, skin is protected not only by its physical barrier, but also immune cells and molecules, which can also cause inflammation. Together as an organ, skin works bidirectionally by operating peripheral neuro-endocrine-immune function and being regulated by the central nervous system, endocrine system and immune system at the same time, maintaining homeostasis. Additionally, to further explain the "trinity" of cutaneous neuro-endocrine-immune function and how it works in disease pathophysiology, a disease model of rosacea is presented.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.