ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2022
Cardiorenal Syndrome: An Updated Classification Based on Clinical Hallmarks.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality and Incomplete Kidney Recovery in Patients with Cirrhosis-Associated Non-Hepatorenal Syndrome Acute Kidney Injury: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of Improved End-Stage Renal Disease Patient Survival on Prosthetic Valve Selection in Aortic Valve Replacement: A Nationwide Cohort Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Renal Biomarkers and Albuminuria Predict Early Adverse Outcomes in Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 2.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Observational
- Prevalence of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome in Lithuanian Adults: Insights from a Nationwide Real-World Study Using Electronic Health Records.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Association of Osteopontin and selective glomerular hypofiltration syndrome with hospitalization for kidney failure in acute heart failure patients.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- From the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Disorders to the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases: Their Prevalence Rates and Independent Associations in the SIMETAP Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Imaging of Congestion in Cardio-renal Syndrome.Current heart failure reports · 2025Review
- Observational
- The Role of Oxidative Stress as a Mechanism in the Pathogenesis of Acute Heart Failure in Acute Kidney Injury.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Unraveling Chronic Cardiovascular and Kidney Disorder through the Butterfly Effect.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with chronic kidney disease: a multi-centre retrospective study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- Left Ventricular Mass Index Predicts Renal Function Decline in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Prognostic Impact of the UMIPIC Program in the Follow Up in Patients with Heart Failure and Cardiorenal Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- The Relationship between the MAGGIC Score and Cardiorenal Syndrome in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction.Acta Cardiologica Sinica · 2023Article
- Prevalence of systemic venous congestion assessed by Venous Excess Ultrasound Grading System (VExUS) and association with acute kidney injury in a general ICU cohort: a prospective multicentric study.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Observational
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Cardio-Renal Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Cardiorenal syndrome type I recovery following heart rate correction: Cardiac output is not only stroke volume.Clinical case reports · 2022Article
- New Advances in Cardiorenal Syndrome-Ready for Prime Time?Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Echocardiography versus Bioimpedance in Evaluating Volume Status in Patients with Chronic Cardiorenal Syndrome: A Preliminary Study.Journal of cardiovascular echographyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is defined as progressive, combined cardiac and renal dysfunction. In this mini review, a historical note on CRS is presented, the pathomechanisms and clinical hallmarks of both chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease are discussed, and an updated classification of CRS is proposed. The current consensus classification relies on the assumed etiology and the course of the disease, i.e., acute or chronic CRS. Five types are described: type-I CRS presenting as acute cardiac failure leading to acute renal failure; type-II CRS presenting as chronic cardiac failure leading to chronic renal failure; type-III CRS presenting as acute kidney injury aggravating heart failure; type-IV CRS presenting as chronic kidney failure aggravating heart failure; and type-V CRS presenting as concurrent, chronic cardiac and renal failure. For an updated classification, information on the presence or absence of valvular heart disease and on the presence of hyper- or hypovolemia is added. Thus, CRS is specified as "acute" (type-I, type-III or type-V CRS) or "chronic" (type-II, type-IV or type-V) CRS, as "valvular" or "nonvalvular" CRS, and as "hyper-" or "hypovolemia-associated" CRS if euvolemia is absent. To enable the use of this updated classification, validation studies are mandated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.