ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2022
Cardiovascular Profile of South African Adults with Low-Level Viremia during Antiretroviral Therapy.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Managing low-level HIV viraemia in antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Sexually transmitted infections · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- HIV and ART status at baseline are associated longitudinally with increased pulse wave velocity: findings from the Ndlovu Cohort Study.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- A Guide to the Evolving Clinical Landscape of Low-Level Viremia Among Persons with HIV in the Modern Treatment Era.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2025Review
- Hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: the current profile, recent advances, gaps, and priorities.Journal of human hypertension · 2025Review
- Management of low-level HIV viremia during antiretroviral therapy: Delphi consensus statement and appraisal of the evidence.Sexually transmitted infections · 2024Article
- Persistent low-level viraemia is associated with non-infectious comorbidities in an observational cohort in four African countries.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Observational
- Microvascular Changes during Viral Infections: A Systematic Review of Studies Using Retinal Vessel Diameter Assessments.Biomedicines · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is an HIV infection feature, contributing to elevated risk of cardiovascular disease among people with HIV, which can be induced by viral replication. A proportion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) recipients fail to achieve viral suppression, despite not meeting criteria for treatment failure, so-called low-level viremia (LLV). We investigated the relationship between LLV and an array of cardiovascular measures and biomarkers. South Africans with LLV (viral load = 50−999 copies/mL) and virological suppression (viral load <50 copies/mL) were selected from the EndoAfrica study (all receiving efavirenz-based ART) for cross-sectional comparison of vascular structure and function measures, as well as 21 plasma biomarkers related to cardiovascular risk and inflammation. Associations were investigated with univariate, multivariate, and binomial logistic regression analyses (having outcome measures above (cases) or below (controls) the 75th percentile). Among 208 participants, 95 (46%) had LLV, and 113 (54%) had viral suppression. The median age was 44 years, 73% were women, and the median ART duration was 4.5 years. Cardiovascular measures and biomarker levels were similar between these two categories. Cardiovascular function and structure measures were not associated with viremia status and having LLV did not increase the odds of having outcome measures above the 75th percentile. In this study among South African ART recipients, LLV did not associate with cardiovascular risk.
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Registered trials
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