A Novel Method of Endotoxins Removal from Chitosan Hydrogel as a Potential Bioink Component Obtained by CO

Adrianna Banach-Kopeć, Szymon Mania, Joanna Pilch, Ewa Augustin, Iwona Gabriel, Robert Tylingo

Open access · goldAbstract read

In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

From Bioink to Tissue: Exploring Chitosan-Agarose Composite in the Context of Printability and Cellular Behaviour.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Adrianna Banach-KopećDepartment of Chemistry, Technology, and Biotechnology of Food, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G.Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-2992-7611

Szymon ManiaDepartment of Chemistry, Technology, and Biotechnology of Food, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G.Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-2748-0393

Joanna PilchDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G.Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-3476-2540

Ewa AugustinDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G.Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-0807-021X

Iwona GabrielDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G.Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-0833-5596

Robert TylingoDepartment of Chemistry, Technology, and Biotechnology of Food, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G.Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-7643-8664

Gdańsk University of Technology · PL

Funding

Dean of the Chemical Faculty of the Gdansk University of Technology 032408T103

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The article presents a new approach in the purification of chitosan (CS) hydrogel in order to remove a significant amount of endotoxins without changing its molecular weight and viscosity. Two variants of the method used to purify CS hydrogels from endotoxins were investigated using the PyroGene rFC Enzymatic Cascade assay kit. The effect of the CS purification method was assessed in terms of changes in the dynamic viscosity of its hydrogels, the molecular weight of the polymer, microbiological purity after refrigerated storage and cytotoxicity against L929 cells based on the ISO 10993-5:2009(E) standard. The proposed purification method 1 (M1) allows for the removal of significant amounts of endotoxins: 87.9-97.6% in relation to their initial concentration in the CS hydrogel without affecting the solution viscosity. Moreover, the final solutions were sterile and microbiologically stable during storage. The M1 purification method did not change the morphology of the L929 cells.

Indexed as

ChitosanHydrogelsCarbon DioxideEndotoxinsPhysical PhenomenaCarbon DioxideChitosanEndotoxinsHydrogelschitosan hydrogelCO2 saturationcytotoxicityendotoxinmicrobiological puritymolecular weightviscosity

Identifiers

PMID35628316

DOI10.3390/ijms23105505

PMCPMC9143515

OpenAlexW4280573439

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.