ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Antiviral Characterization of Advanced Materials: Use of Bacteriophage Phi 6 as Surrogate of Enveloped Viruses Such as SARS-CoV-2.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Polylactide Modified with ZnO and Raspberry Leaf Extract as Active Food Packaging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Phage Stability Across Conditions: Ensuring Accurate Use of Viral Surrogates in Antiviral Testing.Viruses · 2026Article
- Multifunctional materials with potential antiviral applications in face masks, face shields, and hydrogels against mpox virus.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Destruction of virus particles via mechanical and chemical virucidal activity of nanocolumnar copper thin films.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- The comparison of the antioxidant, antibacterial and antiviral potential of Polish fir honeydew and Manuka honeys.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Methods to assess environmental surface disinfectants against viruses: the quest and recommendations for a globally harmonized approach to microbicide testing.Infection prevention in practice · 2024Review
- Photobiocidal Activity of TiONano letters · 2024Article
- Biological Properties of Recently Described Wild BrambleFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review
- Selective Laser Melting and Spark Plasma Sintering: A Perspective on Functional Biomaterials.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2023Review
- Tiger Nut Milk's Antiviral Properties against Enveloped and Non-Enveloped Viruses: Effect of Concentration and Adding Sugar.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Biocompatible Chitosan Films Containing Acetic Acid Manifested Potent Antiviral Activity against Enveloped and Non-Enveloped Viruses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Performance evaluation of an electrostatic precipitator with a copper plate using an aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 surrogate (bacteriophage phi 6).Environmental technology & innovation · 2023Article
- Inactivation of the enveloped virus phi6 with hydrodynamic cavitation.Ultrasonics sonochemistry · 2023Article
- Advanced and Smart Textiles during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Issues, Challenges, and Innovations.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Safe use of PHI6 IN the experimental studies.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Engineering alginate hydrogel films with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-valerate) and graphene nanoplatelets: Enhancement of antiviral activity, cell adhesion and electroactive properties.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2022Article
- Antiviral and Antibacterial Effect of Honey Enriched withMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Investigation on Potential ESKAPE Surrogates for 222 and 254 nm Irradiation Experiments.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Design of experiments-guided membrane capture facilitates integration of continuous virus inactivation using Phi6 as a surrogate virus in an intensified downstream process.Biotechnology progressArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
The bacteriophage phi 6 is a virus that belongs to a different Baltimore group than SARS-CoV-2 (group III instead of IV). However, it has a round-like shape and a lipid envelope like SARS-CoV-2, which render it very useful to be used as a surrogate of this infectious pathogen for biosafety reasons. Thus, recent antiviral studies have demonstrated that antiviral materials such as calcium alginate hydrogels, polyester-based fabrics coated with benzalkonium chloride (BAK), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) coated with BAK and polyester-based fabrics coated with cranberry extracts or solidified hand soap produce similar log reductions in viral titers of both types of enveloped viruses after similar viral contact times. Therefore, researchers with no access to biosafety level 3 facilities can perform antiviral tests of a broad range of biomaterials, composites, nanomaterials, nanocomposites, coatings and compounds against the bacteriophage phi 6 as a biosafe viral model of SARS-CoV-2. In fact, this bacteriophage has been used as a surrogate of SARS-CoV-2 to test a broad range of antiviral materials and compounds of different chemical natures (polymers, metals, alloys, ceramics, composites, etc.) and forms (films, coatings, nanomaterials, extracts, porous supports produced by additive manufacturing, etc.) during the current pandemic. Furthermore, this biosafe viral model has also been used as a surrogate of SARS-CoV-2 and other highly pathogenic enveloped viruses such as Ebola and influenza in a wide range of biotechnological applications.
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