ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
The Comparison of Various Types of Health Insurance in the Healthcare Utilization, Costs and Catastrophic Health Expenditures among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of health insurance on economic burden and health service utilization among people with noncommunicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Examining the potential of mobile money-based health insurance for people living with HIV and hypertension or diabetes in Uganda.Frontiers in health services · 2026Article
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- Article
- Effects of Urban and Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance on Healthcare Utilization Inequality in China.International journal of public health · 2023Article
- Changes in health care utilization and financial protection after integration of the rural and urban social health insurance schemes in Beijing, China.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Utilization and out-of-pocket expenses of primary care among the multimorbid elderly in China: A two-part model with nationally representative data.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Individual-Level Health Care Costs Attributable to Noncommunicable Diseases: A Longitudinal Study Based on the Older Adults in China.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rapid aging in China is increasing the number of older people who tend to require health services for their poor perceived health. Drawing on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2018 data, we used two-part model and binary logistic regression to compare various types of health insurance in the healthcare utilization, costs and catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) among the middle-aged and older adults in China. Compared with uninsured, all types of health insurance promoted hospital utilization rate (ranged from 8.6% to 12.2%) and reduced out-of-pocket (OOP) costs (ranged from 64.9% to 123.6%), but had no significant association with total costs. In contrast, the association of health insurance and outpatient care was less significant. When Urban Employee Medical Insurance (UEMI) as reference, other types of insurance did not show a significant difference. Health insurance could not reduce the risk of CHE. The equity in healthcare utilization improved and healthcare costs had been effectively controlled among the elderly, but health insurance did not protect against CHE risks. Policy efforts should further focus on optimizing healthcare resource allocation and inclining toward the lower socio-economic and poor-health groups.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.