ArticleChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Efficacy of Anakinra on Multiple Coronary Arteries Aneurysms in an Infant with Recurrent Kawasaki Disease, Complicated by Macrophage Activation Syndrome.
Article in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06697431 (A Randomized, Controlled, Open-label, Non Inferiority KawasakI Trial With Anakinra), which is not on this map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized, Controlled, Open-label, Non Inferiority KawasakI Trial With Anakinra
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anakinra use in pediatric kawasaki disease: inflammation control, coronary artery outcomes, and safety.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2026Pooled it
- Hepatobiliary involvement in Kawasaki disease: from cholestatic hepatitis to the hepatic vascular-biliary unit hypothesis-a state-of-the-art review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Ruxolitinib combined with corticosteroids for the successful treatment of kawasaki disease-associated macrophage activation syndrome: a case report.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Anakinra for infants under six months with Kawasaki disease and coronary artery lesions: a multicenter case series and literature review.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2025Article
- Off-Label Use of Anakinra in Inflammatory Conditions in Neonates and Infants Up to 3 Months of Age: A Case Series and a Review of the Literature.Paediatric drugs · 2025Review
- Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Kawasaki Disease: Insights from a Systematic Literature Review on Diagnosis, Clinical Features, and Treatment.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Macrophage activation syndrome in Sepsis: from pathogenesis to clinical management.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2024Review
- Kawasaki Disease-Associated Cytokine Storm Syndrome.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Macrophage Activation Syndrome in the Setting of Rheumatic Diseases.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Kawasaki Disease, MIS-C and COVID-19.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Advances in attractive therapeutic approach for macrophage activation syndrome in COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is rare in infants less than 3 months of age, and its recurrence is exceptional. Infants with KD are at higher risk of severe clinical presentation, therapy failure, complications and coronary aneurysms (CAAs), and this is the reason they deserve more aggressive therapy and a strict clinical follow-up. We report a 2-month-old male with KD, complicated by Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS). Despite timely and aggressive therapy with immunoglobulins, steroids and aspirin, multiple CAAs developed. Two-month therapy with anakinra completely reverted all the aneurysms. After six months, the infant experienced KD relapse and was successfully re-treated with immunoglobulins, steroids and aspirin. A strict echocardiographic follow-up did not show recurrence of aneurysms. Two years later, the child is healthy, without cardiac sequelae. In our experience, anakinra was effective in reverting multiple aneurysms and its effect proved to be long-lasting, even in front of KD recurrence. Based on this evidence, it seems reasonable to hypothesize not to limit the use of anakinra as rescue therapy for complicated or refractory KD, but to consider the possibility of adding it to first-line therapies for some subgroups of very-high-risk patients, in order to strengthen the prevention of CAAs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.