ArticleCancers2022
Sex Differences in the Prevalence of Head and Neck Cancers: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study of 10 Million Healthy People.
Article in Cancers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Occult squamous cell carcinoma presenting as oligometastatic lymphadenopathy. A systematic review with a case report.Oncology reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Suicide and Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Narrative Synthesis.Psycho-oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) deletion polymorphism and susceptibility to head and neck carcinoma: a systematic review with five analyses.BMC cancer · 2024Pooled it
- piR‑164552 promotes malignant progression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via the RBM4/EIF4E2 signaling axis: Insights from multi‑omics and functional analyses.International journal of oncology · 2026Article
- Examining Electronic Health Records to Investigate Sex Differences in Oral Diseases and Conditions.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2026Article
- Head and Neck Radiotherapy Short-Term Oral Complications: Effect on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life at Dharmais Cancer Hospital.European journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- Clinicopathological Profile, Stage Distribution, and Treatment Patterns of Oral Cancer at a National Referral Center in Indonesia.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Sex-based immune differences influence tumor progression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Oral oncology · 2026Article
- Sex influences on tumor innervation.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Unraveling the diagnostic and prognostic signatures of oral microbiota in head and neck cancer.BMC biology · 2026Article
- Predicting the risk for distant metastasis in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and assessing the survival benefit of induction therapy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Sex differences in pain in 2 large and diverse US databases.Pain reports · 2026Article
- Automated Lymph Node Localization and Segmentation in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: Opportunities and Limitations of Using a Generic AI Model.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- 24R,25(OH)International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Pushing the boundaries - perioperative risk assessment and short-term surgical outcomes in octogenarian patients with head and neck cancer: comparison with non-oncological elderlies.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Beyond cervicovaginal limitations: potential bidirectional interactions between HPV infection and mucosal microbiota from oral, anorectal and penile sites - a mini-review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- A Panoramic View of Narrow Band Imaging in the Treatment of Head and Neck CancerCurrent medical imaging · 2026Review
- Sex-based differences in patients with locally advanced pharyngeal and laryngeal SCC treated with definitive or adjuvant radiotherapy.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2025Article
- Public health impact and cost-effectiveness of implementing gender-neutral immunization with the nonavalent human papillomavirus vaccine in South Korea.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Descriptive epidemiologists have repeatedly reported that males are more susceptible to head and neck cancers. However, most published data are those of cross-sectional studies, and no population-based cohort study has yet been published. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of head and neck cancers in healthy males with females. Methods: A retrospective cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database on 9,598,085 individuals who underwent regular health checkups from 1 January to 31 December 2009. We sought head and neck cancers developed during the 10-year follow-up. Results: A total of 10,732 (incidence rate (IR) per 1000 person-years 0.25) individuals were newly diagnosed with head and neck cancer among the 9,598,085 individuals during the 10-year follow-up. The IR was 0.19 in males (8500 affected) and 0.06 in females (2232 affected). Notably, the male−female ratio increased with age below 70 years but decreased thereafter. The male−female difference was most apparent for laryngeal cancer; the male IR was 11-fold higher in the 40 s and 20-fold higher in the 60 s, followed by hypopharyngeal cancer (6.8- and 24.2-fold). Males smoked more and drank more alcohol than females (p < 0.0001 *, p < 0.0001 *). When never-smokers/-drinkers (only) were compared, males remained at a 2.9-fold higher risk of head and neck cancer than females. The hazard ratios for head and neck cancers in males tended to increase in the lower part of the upper aerodigestive tract: larynx (13.9) > hypopharynx (10.9) > oropharynx (4.4) > nasopharynx (2.9) > sinonasal region (1.8) > oral (1.6). Only the salivary gland cancer incidence did not differ between the sexes; the gland is not in the upper aerodigestive tract. Conclusion: Males are much more susceptible to head and neck cancers than females regardless of whether they drink alcohol or smoke tobacco. Sex differences in the incidence of head and neck cancer are most evident in the 60 s in the lower part of the upper aerodigestive tract, such as the larynx and hypopharynx.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.