ArticleBiomolecules2022
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of GM1 Ganglioside on Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis in Rats.
Article in Biomolecules, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- cGAS knockout inhibited endotoxin-induced uveitis in mice.Genes & diseases · 2026Article
- A novel scoring system tailored for rabbit models of endotoxin-induced uveitis: feasible, sensitive, and reproducible.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- 6-Shogaol Alleviates Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis via Activation of HIF-1α to Regulate Inflammatory Responses and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exogenous ganglioside GM1 has been reported to exert an immunomodulatory effect. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of GM1 ganglioside on endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats and RAW 264.7 macrophages.
methodsEIU was induced in Lewis rats by administering a subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). GM1 was injected intraperitoneally for three consecutive days prior to the LPS injection. Twenty-four hours after the LPS injection, the integrity of the blood-aqueous barrier was evaluated by determining the protein concentration and number of infiltrating cells in the aqueous humor (AqH). Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses of the iris-ciliary body (ICB) were performed to evaluate the effect of GM1 on the LPS-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). The effect of GM1 on proinflammatory mediators and signaling cascades was examined in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining to further clarify the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism.
resultsGM1 significantly reduced the protein concentration and number of infiltrating cells in the AqH of rats with EIU. GM1 also decreased the LPS-induced expression of the ICAM-1 and COX-2 proteins in the ICB. In RAW 264.7 cells, GM1 inhibited the proinflammatory mediators induced by LPS, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), COX-2, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and this inhibitory effect was potentially mediated by suppressing transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs).
conclusionsBased on this study, GM1 may be a potential anti-inflammatory agent for ocular inflammatory diseases.
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