Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35625385›Full record

ArticleBiology2022

Effects of Aquatic Training in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Hamza Marzouki, Badis Soussi, Okba Selmi, Yamina Hajji, Santo Marsigliante, Ezdine Bouhlel, Antonella Muscella, Katja Weiss, Beat Knechtle

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
7.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.

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  13. Parent Perspectives on Water Safety for Children with Autism.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Hamza MarzoukiHigh Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia.ORCID 0000-0002-5695-1433
Badis SoussiHigh Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia.
Okba SelmiHigh Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia.ORCID 0000-0001-5309-8863
Yamina HajjiHalim Professional Training Center for Young People with Autism, Ariana 2091, Tunisia.
Santo MarsiglianteDepartment of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6535-3286
Ezdine BouhlelLaboratory of Cardio-Circulatory, Respiratory, Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations to Muscular Exercise, Faculty of Medicine Ibn El Jazzar, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia.
Antonella MuscellaDepartment of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2822-9929
Katja WeissInstitute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-1247-6754
Beat KnechtleInstitute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-2412-9103
University of Jendouba · TNUniversity of Salento · ITUniversity of Zurich · CHUniversity of Sousse · TN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A variety of aquatic training regimens have been found to be beneficial for individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in multiple domains. This study investigated and compared the efficacy of two aquatic training regimens (technical vs. game-based) on gross motor skills, stereotypy behavior and emotion regulation in children with ASD. Twenty-two autistic children were randomly assigned into three groups: two experimental groups performed either a technical aquatic program or a game-based aquatic program and a control group. Participants were assessed before and after an 8-week training period, with the Test of Gross Motor Development, the stereotypy subscale of the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale, and the Emotion Regulation Checklist. A significant effect for time was found in gross motor skills and stereotypy behavior in both experimental groups. An improvement in gross motor skills was observed in both experimental groups compared to the control group. A small pre-post change effect in emotion functioning was found in all groups. No significant differences were observed between the experimental groups in all assessed variables. Our findings provide additional evidence suggesting the effectiveness of beneficial effects of aquatic activities on the motor and social skills that underpin the hypothesis that motor and intellectual domains are highly interrelated in autistic children.

Indexed as

adapted physical activitycontrol skillsinterventionlability/negativity testinglocomotors skillsswimming

Identifiers

PMID35625385
PMCPMC9138228
OpenAlexW4224862002

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.