Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35625334›Full record

ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2022

The Implementation of National Action Plan (NAP) on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in Bangladesh: Challenges and Lessons Learned from a Cross-Sectional Qualitative Study.

Syed Masud Ahmed, Nahitun Naher, Samiun Nazrin Bente Kamal Tune, Bushra Zarin Islam

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. A Codesigned Approach to Develop Tailored Antimicrobial Stewardship Strategies in Bangladesh: A Social-Ecological Systems Framework Analysis.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026
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  5. Review
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  10. A pill for every ill? Unpacking antibiotic misuse among Bangladeshi university students.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2025
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  11. Article
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  19. Genomic characterisation ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2024
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Syed Masud AhmedCentre of Excellence for Health Systems and Universal Health Coverage, BRAC James P Grant, School of Public Health (JPGSPH), BRAC University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0001-5032-7181
Nahitun NaherCentre of Excellence for Health Systems and Universal Health Coverage, BRAC James P Grant, School of Public Health (JPGSPH), BRAC University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh.
Samiun Nazrin Bente Kamal TuneCentre of Excellence for Health Systems and Universal Health Coverage, BRAC James P Grant, School of Public Health (JPGSPH), BRAC University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh.
Bushra Zarin IslamCentre of Excellence for Health Systems and Universal Health Coverage, BRAC James P Grant, School of Public Health (JPGSPH), BRAC University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh.

Funding

Asia Pacific Observatory on Health Systems and Policies NA
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study explored the current situation of the National Action Plan (NAP) on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) implementation in Bangladesh and examined how different sectors (human, animal, and environment) addressed the AMR problem in policy and practice, as well as associated challenges and barriers to identifying policy lessons and practices. Informed by a rapid review of the available literature and following the World Health Organization (WHO) AMR situation analysis framework, a guideline was developed to conduct in-depth interviews with selected stakeholders from January to December 2021. Data were analysed using an adapted version of Anderson's governance framework. Findings reveal the absence of required inter-sectoral coordination essential to a multisectoral approach. There was substantial coordination between the human health and livestock/fisheries sectors, but the environment sector was conspicuously absent. The government initiated some hospital-based awareness programs and surveillance activities, yet no national Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) framework was established for NAP activities. Progress of implementation was slow, constrained by the shortage of a trained health workforce and financial resources, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic. To summarise, five years into the development of the NAP in Bangladesh, its implementation is not up to the level that the urgency of the situation requires. The policy and practice need to be cognisant of this fact and do the needful things to avoid a catastrophe.

Indexed as

BangladeshCOVID-19environmenthuman and animal healthNational Action Plan on antimicrobial resistance

Identifiers

PMID35625334
PMCPMC9137577

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.