ArticleBiosensors2022
How Paretic and Non-Paretic Ankle Muscles Contract during Walking in Stroke Survivors: New Insight Using Novel Wearable Ultrasound Imaging and Sensing Technology.
Article in Biosensors, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reliability of muscle architecture assessment using clinical ultrasound in post-stroke patients: a systematic review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Cortical mapping of real-time ultrasound-imaging visual feedback for ankle dorsiflexion in patients after stroke: a fNIRS study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Observational
- Evaluating muscle characteristics and fall events: insights from real-world longitudinal data.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Wearable devices in neurological disorders: a narrative review of status quo and perspectives.Annals of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Effect of Ankle-Foot Orthosis on Paretic Gastrocnemius and Tibialis Anterior Muscle Contraction of Stroke Survivors During Walking: A Pilot Study.Biosensors · 2024Article
- Advances in prosthetics and orthotics.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- Editorial: Balance-controlling mechanism and fall-prevention strategy.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Muscular and Kinematic Responses to Unexpected Translational Balance Perturbation: A Pilot Study in Healthy Young Adults.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Advances in Biomechanics-Based Motion Analysis.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A Review of EMG-, FMG-, and EIT-Based Biosensors and Relevant Human-Machine Interactivities and Biomedical Applications.Biosensors · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Abnormal muscle tone and muscle weakness are related to gait asymmetry in stroke survivors. However, the internal muscle morphological changes that occur during walking remain unclear. To address this issue, this study investigated the muscle activity of the tibialis anterior (TA) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) of both the paretic and non-paretic sides during walking in nine stroke survivors, by simultaneously capturing electromyography (EMG), mechanomyography (MMG), and ultrasound images, and using a validated novel wearable ultrasound imaging and sensing system. Statistical analysis was performed to examine the test−retest reliability of the collected data, and both the main and interaction effects of each “side” (paretic vs. non-paretic) and “gait” factors, in stroke survivors. This study observed significantly good test−retest reliability in the collected data (0.794 ≤ ICC ≤ 0.985), and significant differences existed in both the side and gait factors of the average TA muscle thickness from ultrasound images, and in the gait factors of TA and MG muscle’s MMG and EMG signals (p < 0.05). The muscle morphological characteristics also appeared to be different between the paretic and non-paretic sides on ultrasound images. This study uncovered significantly different internal muscle contraction patterns between paretic and non-paretic sides during walking for TA (7.2% ± 1.6%) and MG (5.3% ± 4.9%) muscles in stroke survivors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.