ArticleRespiratory research2022
Comorbidity burden and survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: the EMPIRE registry study.
Article in Respiratory research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comorbidities in clinical cohorts of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Pooled it
- Comorbidities in the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and progressive pulmonary fibrosis trial population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Pooled it
- Nationwide Incidence and Prevalence of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in South Korea.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2026Article
- Korean Clinical Practice Guidelines for Interstitial Lung Disease: Part 2. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2026Article
- Axial Connectivity of the Lung Microbiome: A Review of Interorgan Crosstalk.Comprehensive physiology · 2026Review
- Combination of Ophiopogonin D, Ginsenoside Rg1, and Ginsenoside Rg3 ameliorates idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting type 2 alveolar epithelial cell senescence and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Review
- Comorbidity in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Evaluation Using the Charlson, TORVAN and GAP Indices.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Spectrum of autoantibodies and other serological parameters in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Exploring the therapeutic landscape of pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease, with a focus on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a narrative review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Article
- Progressive fibrotic interstitial lung diseases in India: national challenges and implications for global health policies.Health research policy and systems · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Factors Affecting Mortality in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A 10-Year Single-Center Experience.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Identification of diagnostic and prognostic phospholipid biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis via machine learning and in vivo validation.Human genomics · 2025Article
- Differentiating clinically important interstitial lung abnormalities in lung cancer screening.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Survival of Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Analysis of the Serbian Cohort from the EMPIRE Registry.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
- The role of lung cancer in mortality rate in chronic fibrosing idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Impact of Comorbidities on the Discontinuation of Antifibrotic Therapy in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Incidence and clinical impact of coronary artery disease confirmed by coronary CT angiography in patients with interstitial lung disease.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPatients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) frequently have multiple comorbidities, which may influence survival but go under-recognised in clinical practice. We therefore report comorbidity, antifibrotic treatment use and survival of patients with IPF observed in the multi-national EMPIRE registry.
methodsFor this prospective IPF cohort, demographics, comorbidities, survival and causes of death were analysed. Comorbidities were noted by the treating physician based on the patient's past medical history or as reported during follow-up. Comorbidities were defined as prevalent when noted at enrolment, or as incident when recorded during follow-up. Survival was analysed by Kaplan-Meier estimates, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards models. Hazard ratios (HR) were adjusted for gender, age, smoking status and FVC at enrolment.
resultsA population of 3,580 patients with IPF from 11 Central and Eastern European countries was followed every 6 months for up to 6 years. At enrolment, 91.3% of patients reported at least one comorbidity, whereas more than one-third (37.8%) reported four or more comorbidities. Five-year survival was 53.7% in patients with no prevalent comorbidities, whereas it was 48.4%, 47.0%, 43.8% and 41.1% in patients with 1, 2, 3 and ≥ 4 comorbidities, respectively. The presence of multiple comorbidities at enrolment was associated with significantly worse survival (log-rank test P = 0.007). Adjusted HRs indicate that risk of death was increased by 44% in patients with IPF reporting ≥ 4 comorbidities at baseline compared with no comorbidity (P = 0.021). The relationship between number of comorbidities and decreased survival was also seen in patients receiving antifibrotic treatment (63% of all patients; log-rank test P < 0.001). Comorbidity as cause of death was identified in at least 26.1% of deaths.
conclusionsThe majority of patients with IPF demonstrate comorbidities, and many have comorbidity-related deaths. Increasing numbers of comorbidities are associated with worse survival; and this pattern is also present in patients receiving antifibrotic therapy.
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