Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35624411›Full record

ArticleBMC immunology2022

Increased serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-12p70 levels in AChR subtype generalized myasthenia gravis.

Xiao Huan, Rui Zhao, Jie Song, Huahua Zhong, Manqiqige Su, Chong Yan, Ying Wang, Sheng Chen, Zhirui Zhou, Jiahong Lu and 3 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
5.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  5. Circulating inflammatory proteins as pathogenic mediators and potential therapeutic targets in myasthenia gravis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
    Article
  6. Immune Modulatory Effects of PD-1/PD-L1 in Myasthenia Gravis: Insights From Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Analysis.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Xiao Huan *Huashan Rare Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
Rui Zhao *Huashan Rare Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
Jie SongHuashan Rare Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
Huahua ZhongHuashan Rare Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
Manqiqige SuHuashan Rare Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
Chong YanHuashan Rare Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
Ying WangDepartment of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Sheng ChenDepartment of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
Zhirui ZhouRadiation Oncology Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Jiahong LuHuashan Rare Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
Jianying XiHuashan Rare Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
Sushan LuoHuashan Rare Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China. luosushan@fudan.edu.cn.
Chongbo ZhaoHuashan Rare Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China. zhao_chongbo@fudan.edu.cn.
Fudan University · CNHuashan Hospital · CNUnion Hospital · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMyasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder affecting neuromuscular junctions. Cytokines play important roles in facilitating the immune response and augmenting the pathogenic antibody production. The current study aims to sensitively characterize the serum levels of cytokines with very low concentration in generalized MG (gMG).

methodsUsing ultrasensitive single-molecule arrays (SIMOA), we measured serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-12p70 in 228 participants including 152 immunotherapy-naïve anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) subtype gMG from Huashan MG registry and 76 age-matched healthy controls. Subgroup analysis was then performed by stratifying patients according to the onset ages, MGFA classification, disease duration at baseline.

resultsSerum IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-12p70 levels were significantly elevated in gMG compared to controls (0.179 pg/mL versus 0.011 pg/mL, P < 0.0001; 0.029 pg/mL versus 0.018 pg/mL, P = 0.0259; 0.215 pg/mL versus 0.143 pg/mL, P = 0.0007; 0.132 pg/mL versus 0.118 pg/mL, P = 0.0401). Subgroup analysis revealed that IL-2 levels were slightly elevated in gMG with MGFA II compared to MGFA III/IV (0.195 pg/mL versus 0.160 pg/mL, P = 0.022), as well as elevated levels of IL-2 (0.220 pg/mL versus 0.159 pg/mL, P = 0.0002) and IL-5 (0.251 pg/mL versus 0.181 pg/mL, P = 0.004) in late-onset gMG compared with the early-onset gMG. gMG patients with a long duration had a significant increased serum IL-12p70 than those with a short duration (0.163 pg/mL versus 0.120 pg/mL, P = 0.011).

conclusionSerum IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-12p70 levels were increased in AChR subtype gMG using ultrasensitive measurement. Serum cytokines with very low concentrations may provide as potential biomarkers in stratifying gMG patients in future prospective cohort studies.

Indexed as

Myasthenia GravisReceptors, CholinergicCytokinesHumansInterleukin-12Interleukin-2Interleukin-4Interleukin-5CytokinesInterleukin-12Interleukin-2Interleukin-4Interleukin-5Receptors, CholinergicAnti-acetylcholine receptor antibodyCytokinesGeneralized myasthenia gravisLow concentrationUltrasensitive measurement

Identifiers

PMID35624411
PMCPMC9145157
OpenAlexW4281636504

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.