Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35623484›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of pharmaceutics2022

Multiplexed electrospray enables high throughput production of cGAMP microparticles to serve as an adjuvant for a broadly acting influenza vaccine.

Cole J Batty, Matthew D Gallovic, Jonathan Williams, Ted M Ross, Eric M Bachelder, Kristy M Ainslie

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Extracellular cGAMP in health and disease.Molecular biomedicine · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Cole J BattyDivision of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Matthew D GallovicImmvention Therapeutix, Durham, NC, USA.
Jonathan WilliamsNuventra Pharma Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Ted M RossCenter for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA.
Eric M BachelderDivision of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Kristy M AinslieDivision of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: ainsliek@email.unc.edu.

Funding

Virology Research Program (Program 4)P30CA016086 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI David Darr · 1985 to 2026
$201.5M
COVID Supplement - COMPONENT A OF THE COLLABORATIVE INFLUENZA VACCINE INNOVATION CENTERS (CIVICS) PROGRAM TO DESIGN AND EVALUATE INNOVATIVE INFLUENZA VACCINE APPROACHES,75N93019C00052 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA · PI ROSS, TED · 2019 to 2025
$74.6M
Micro-Particle Delivery of a Potent Intracellular Adjuvant for a Universal Flu VaccineR01AI141333 · NIAID · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI BACHELDER, ERIC, TING, JENNY P · 2019 to 2023
$5.9M
Optimizing a Universal Influenza Subunit Nano/Microparticulate VaccineR01AI147497 · NIAID · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI AINSLIE, KRISTY M · 2020 to 2024
$2.9M
Advancing Formulation of STING agonist for Universal Flu VaccineR41AI140795 · NIAID · IMMVENTION THERAPEUTIX, INC. · PI AINSLIE, KRISTY M, GOYAL, ANIL KUMAR · 2018 to 2018
$277k
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA016086NIAID NIH HHS 75N93019C00052NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI141333NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI147497NIAID NIH HHS R41 AI140795
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Subunit vaccines employing designer antigens such as Computationally Optimized Broadly Reactive Antigen (COBRA) hemagglutinin (HA) hold the potential to direct the immune response toward more effective and broadly-neutralizing targets on the Influenza virus. However, subunit vaccines generally require coadministration with an adjuvant to elicit a robust immune response. One such adjuvant is the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist cyclic dinucleotide 3'3'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP). We have shown that encapsulation of cGAMP in acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX) microparticles through electrospray results in significantly greater biological activity. Electrospray is a continuous manufacturing process which achieves excellent encapsulation efficiency. However, the throughput of electrospray with a single spray head is limited. Here we report the development of a multiplexed electrospray apparatus with an order of magnitude greater throughput than a single-head apparatus. Physicochemical characterization and evaluation of adjuvant activity in vitro and in vivo indicated that microparticles produced with the higher throughput process are equally suited for use as a potent vaccine adjuvant to induce a balanced immune response to COBRA HA antigens.

Indexed as

Influenza VaccinesOrthomyxoviridae InfectionsAdjuvants, ImmunologicAdjuvants, PharmaceuticAntibodies, ViralAntigensHemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusHumansNucleotides, CyclicVaccines, SubunitAdjuvants, ImmunologicAdjuvants, PharmaceuticAntibodies, ViralAntigenscyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphateHemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusInfluenza VaccinesNucleotides, CyclicVaccines, SubunitCOBRAFluMicroparticleSTINGVaccine adjuvantVaccine manufacturing

Identifiers

PMID35623484
PMCPMC9484837

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.