ReviewTropical medicine and infectious disease2022
Characteristics of COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections among Vaccinated Individuals and Associated Risk Factors: A Systematic Review.
Review in Tropical medicine and infectious disease, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Seropersistence of SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (COVID-19 vaccine): 6-month follow-up of a randomized, controlled, observer-blind, phase 2/3 immuno-bridging study in Indian adults.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Trial
- COVID-19 Vaccine Reactogenicity Marks an Innate Inflammatory Response Associated With HLA Variation and Enhanced Protection.Research square · 2026Article
- Safety and antibody responses to inactivated COVID-19 vaccines among elderly patients with COPD: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- An HLA Association With COVID-19 Vaccine Reactogenicity Correlates With Fewer SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Monocyte Activation.Research square · 2025Article
- Article
- Risk factors of COVID-19 breakthrough infection: a case-control test-negative design study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the efficacy of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine additional and booster doses in immunocompromised patients with multiple sclerosis: the COVACiMS study.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Interplay Between Viral Shedding, Age, and Symptoms in Individual Infectivity of COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections in Households.Vaccines · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk by Vaccine Doses and Prior Infections Over 24 Months: ProHEpiC-19 Longitudinal Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Follow-up SARS-CoV-2 serological study of a health care worker cohort following COVID-19 booster vaccination.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Incidence and risk factors of omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection among vaccinated and boosted individuals.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Effects of antivirals on patients with COVID-19 breakthrough.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Predictive Assessment of the Antiviral Properties ofAdvances in virology · 2024Article
- COVID-19 vaccines breakthrough infection and adverse reactions in medical students: a nationwide survey in Iran.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Antigen-specific T helper cells and cytokine profiles predict intensity and longevity of cellular and humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Breakthrough infection among healthcare personnel following exposure to COVID-19: Experience after one year of the world's largest vaccination drive.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the Factors Associated with Reinfections towards SARS-CoV-2 Using a Case Control Design.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- COVID-19: Current Status and Future Prospects.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We sought to assess breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in vaccinated individuals by variant distribution and to identify the common risk associations. The PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Embase databases were searched from 2019 to 30 January 2022. The outcome of interest was breakthrough infections (BTIs) in individuals who had completed a primary COVID-19 vaccination series. Thirty-three papers were included in the review. BTIs were more common among variants of concern (VOC) of which Delta accounted for the largest number of BTIs (96%), followed by Alpha (0.94%). In addition, 90% of patients with BTIs recovered, 11.6% were hospitalized with mechanical ventilation, and 0.6% resulted in mortality. BTIs were more common in healthcare workers (HCWs) and immunodeficient individuals with a small percentage found in fully vaccinated healthy individuals. VOC mutations were the primary cause of BTIs. Continued mitigation approaches (e.g., wearing masks and social distancing) are warranted even in fully vaccinated individuals to prevent transmission. Further studies utilizing genomic surveillance and heterologous vaccine regimens to boost the immune response are needed to better understand and control BTIs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.