ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2022
Type 2 Diabetes, Fasting Glucose, Hemoglobin A1c Levels and Risk of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unveiling Systemic Biomarkers and Metabolic Mechanisms in Glaucoma Progression from Multi-Omics Insights.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The effect of type 2 diabetes genetic predisposition on non-cardiovascular comorbidities.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Association of metformin use with primary open-angle glaucoma using data from the National Institutes of HealthBMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Article
- New insights into genetic comorbidity mechanisms: type 2 diabetes and primary open-angle glaucoma.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Predictive modeling of rapid glaucoma progression based on systemic data from electronic medical records.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Research progress of Mendelian randomization analysis for glaucoma etiology.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Associations of human blood metabolome with optic neurodegenerative diseases: a bi-directionally systematic mendelian randomization study.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- Thyroid Function, Diabetes, and Common Age-Related Eye Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2024Article
- Insulin restores retinal ganglion cell functional connectivity and promotes visual recovery in glaucoma.Science advances · 2024Article
- Possible Causal Association between Type 2 Diabetes and Glycaemic Traits in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomisation Study.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Insulin resistance in the retina: possible implications for certain ocular diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Causal factors in primary open angle glaucoma: a phenome-wide Mendelian randomisation study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Blood cell traits and risk of glaucoma: A two-sample mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Dissecting causal associations of type 2 diabetes with 111 types of ocular conditions: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Ankylosing spondylitis and glaucoma in European population: A Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Correlation of serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol with the incidence of primary open-angle glaucoma: A cross-sectional study on patients with chronic illnesses.Saudi journal of ophthalmology : official journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological SocietyArticle
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the potential causal associations between type 2 diabetes and fasting glucose and HbA1c levels and the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in European and East Asian populations. Methods: We selected genetic variants (P < 5 × 10-8) for type 2 diabetes (898,130 Europeans; 433,540 East Asians), fasting glucose, and HbA1c (196,991 Europeans; 36,584 East Asians) from three meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The GWAS for POAG provided summary statistics (192,702 Europeans; 46,523 East Asians). Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was accomplished using the inverse variance-weighted method, weighted-median method, MR Egger method, and MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier test. Results: Genetically predicted type 2 diabetes was potentially positively associated with POAG in the European ancestry (body mass index [BMI]-unadjusted: odds ratio [OR] = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.14, P = 0.028; BMI-adjusted: OR = 1.07, 95% CI, 1.01-1.15, P = 0.035), but not in the East Asian ancestry (BMI-unadjusted: OR = 1.01, 95% CI, 0.95-1.06, P = 0.866; BMI-adjusted: OR = 1.00, 95% CI, 0.94-1.05, P = 0.882). There was no evidence to support a causal association of fasting glucose (European: OR = 1.19, P = 0.157; East Asian: OR = 0.94, P = 0.715) and HbA1c (European: OR = 1.27, P = 0.178; East Asian: OR = 0.85, P = 0.508) levels with POAG. Conclusions: The causal effect of type 2 diabetes on the risk of POAG is different in European and East Asian populations. The point estimates of fasting glucose and Hb1Ac with POAG are large but not statistically significant, which prompts the question of statistical power.
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