ReviewCurrent oncology (Toronto, Ont.)2022
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy.
Review in Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 816 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
816 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,191 citations in OpenAlex.
- What is the incidence and clinical significance of dry eye disease in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors? A systematic review and meta-analysis of ocular immune-related adverse events.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Pooled it
- Incidence and treatment-modifying impact of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated peripheral edema: a systematic review and meta-analysis.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2026Pooled it
- Diagnosis and management of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction in oncology patients: a systematic review.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in proficient MMR rectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for treatment of periocular Merkel cell carcinoma: A systematic review of clinical outcomes and safety.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with standard treatment versus standard treatment alone for newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- Synergistic effects of anticoagulants and platelet aggregation inhibitors with immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy: a comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical evidence.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Immunotherapy in Bellini Duct Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.Oncology research · 2026Pooled it
- Troponin for surveillance of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis and post-therapy cardiovascular risk stratification: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The mechanism of breast cancer stem cells and tumor microenvironment promoting radioresistance in breast cancer and its intervention strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of cadonilimab for malignant solid tumor treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Anti-inflammatory effects of immunotherapy in clinical treatment and its potential mechanism in alleviating sleeping disorders: A systematic bibliometric study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- The lung immune prognostic index as a predictive biomarker in urological malignancies undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Tazemetostat, an EZH2 inhibitor, in solid tumors harboring SWI/SNF alterations: a phase II basket study.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Local delivery of SBRT and IL-12 to murine PDAC tumors modulates hematopoiesis.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Hydrogel-Based intraperitoneal drug delivery platforms for peritoneal metastasis: strategies, advances, and prospects.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- Engineering immune cell engagers: From molecular constructs to biomaterial platforms.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Vaccine safety for individuals receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: A narrative review of current literature and recommendations for future research.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
756 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The discovery of immune checkpoint proteins such as PD-1/PDL-1 and CTLA-4 represents a significant breakthrough in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, humanized monoclonal antibodies, targeting these immune checkpoint proteins have been utilized successfully in patients with metastatic melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, head and neck cancers and non-small lung cancer. The US FDA has successfully approved three different categories of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as PD-1 inhibitors (Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, and Cemiplimab), PDL-1 inhibitors (Atezolimumab, Durvalumab and Avelumab), and CTLA-4 inhibitor (Ipilimumab). Unfortunately, not all patients respond favourably to these drugs, highlighting the role of biomarkers such as Tumour mutation burden (TMB), PDL-1 expression, microbiome, hypoxia, interferon-γ, and ECM in predicting responses to ICIs-based immunotherapy. The current study aims to review the literature and updates on ICIs in cancer therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.