ArticleBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Mechanical and Metallurgical Evaluation of 3 Different Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments: An In Vitro and In Laboratory Study.
Article in Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association Between Cross-Sectional Geometry and Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Nickel-Titanium Endodontic Instruments: A Systematic Review.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Comparison of the cyclic fatigue resistance of original and replica-like files: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Restorative dentistry & endodontics · 2026Article
- Novel electromagnetic device to retrieve fractured stainless steel endodontic files: an in-vitro investigation.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Temperature-Dependent Effects on Cyclic Fatigue Resistance in Three Reciprocating Endodontic Systems: An In Vitro Study.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Shaping ability and cyclic fatigue resistance between Genius ProFlex, ZenFlex, and TruNatomy rotary systems: an experimental study.Restorative dentistry & endodontics · 2025Article
- Modern Advances in Microendodontics: The State of the Art.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Impact of cooling on shaping ability of thermally treated files in canal models with double curvature.PeerJ · 2023Article
- Endodontic Orthograde Retreatments: Challenges and Solutions.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An in-depth evaluation of the mechanical and metallurgical properties of NiTi instruments is fundamental to assess their performance and to compare recently introduced instrument with widespread ones. According to this, since there are no data on this topic, the aim of the study was to mechanically and metallurgically evaluate an instrument recently introduced into the market (ZenFlex (ZF)), by comparing it with two well-known instruments with similar characteristics: Vortex Blue (VB) and EdgeSequel Sapphire (EES). According to this, 195 instruments were selected: 65 ZF, 65 VB and 65 EES. Each group was divided in subgroups according to the mechanical tests (i.e., cyclic fatigue resistance, torsional resistance and bending ability; (n = 20)) and the metallurgical test (differential scanning calorimetry (n = 5)). A scanning electron microscopy was performed to verify the causes of fracture after mechanical tests (cyclic fatigue and torsional tests). According to results, VB showed the highest flexibility and cyclic fatigue resistance in comparison to the other instruments, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Regarding torsional resistance, EES showed the lowest value of torque at fracture, with a statistically significant difference, whilst the comparison between ZF and VB showed no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). DSC analysis pointed out that VB had the highest austenite start and finish temperatures, followed by ESS and then ZF. ESS sample showed the highest martensite start and finish temperatures followed by VB and ZF. Considering the results, it can be concluded that VB showed the best mechanical performance during static tests in comparison to ESS and ZF. This is fundamentally due to the interaction of parameters such as instrument design and heat-treatments that are able to enhance its mechanical performance.
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