ReviewFrontiers in psychiatry2022
The Problem and Potential of TMS' Infinite Parameter Space: A Targeted Review and Road Map Forward.
Review in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping symptom-general and symptom-specific targets for transcranial magnetic stimulation in schizophrenia: an electric-field modeling meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Pharmacological adjuncts and transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced synaptic plasticity: a systematic review.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPNPooled it
- Exploration of NMDA and GABA receptor-mediated plasticity induced by 10-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.Translational psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Accelerated sequential bilateral theta-burst stimulation in major depression: an open trial.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Trial
- Probing the neurochemical mechanisms of rTMS for alcohol use disorder: Results from a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind, crossover, proton MR Spectroscopy study.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- High- and low-frequency accelerated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depressive disorder.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Cross-Frequency Magnetic Modulation of Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity: From Cellular Mechanisms to System-Level Adaptation.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Contextual Engagement to Enhance Effective Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: A Theoretical and Mechanistic Perspective.Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) · 2026Article
- Differential neural responses to rhythmic and patterned TMS protocols: Insights from EEG spectral analysis.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- The Role of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Polymorphism in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Response for Major Depressive Disorder.The journal of ECT · 2026Article
- Phase-dependent stimulation response is shaped by the brain's dynamic functional connectivity.Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Screening the optimal rTSMS frequency to orchestrate immune-fibrotic remodeling for adult spinal cord repair.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Tactile perception and tolerability thresholds of TMS characterized by intensity across locations and frequencies.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2026Article
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation from healthy brain aging to Alzheimer's disease: a review on mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and future clinical directions.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- A Retrospective Chart Review of PTSD Symptoms in Military Servicemembers Participating in an Individually Guided Neuromodulation (Alpha-rTMS) Wellness Program.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Article
- Single-day accelerated TMS with D-cycloserine augmentation for depression: A placebo-controlled trial.Research square · 2025Article
- Comparing synaptic mechanisms of iTBS and 10-Hz rTMS corticomotor plasticity.Transcranial magnetic stimulation (2024) · 2025Article
- Chronic caffeine consumption on clinical TMS outcomes: A naturalistic retrospective analysis.Transcranial magnetic stimulation (2024) · 2025Article
- Targeting VMPFC-amygdala circuit with TMS in substance use disorder: A mechanistic framework.Addiction biology · 2025Article
- The future of transcranial ultrasound as a precision brain interface.PLoS biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive, effective, and FDA-approved brain stimulation method. However, rTMS parameter selection remains largely unexplored, with great potential for optimization. In this review, we highlight key studies underlying next generation rTMS therapies, particularly focusing on: (1) rTMS Parameters, (2) rTMS Target Engagement, (3) rTMS Interactions with Endogenous Brain Activity, and (4) Heritable Predisposition to Brain Stimulation Treatments. Methods: We performed a targeted review of pre-clinical and clinical rTMS studies. Results: Current evidence suggests that rTMS pattern, intensity, frequency, train duration, intertrain interval, intersession interval, pulse and session number, pulse width, and pulse shape can alter motor excitability, long term potentiation (LTP)-like facilitation, and clinical antidepressant response. Additionally, an emerging theme is how endogenous brain state impacts rTMS response. Researchers have used resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) analyses to identify personalized rTMS targets. Electroencephalography (EEG) may measure endogenous alpha rhythms that preferentially respond to personalized stimulation frequencies, or in closed-loop EEG, may be synchronized with endogenous oscillations and even phase to optimize response. Lastly, neuroimaging and genotyping have identified individual predispositions that may underlie rTMS efficacy. Conclusions: We envision next generation rTMS will be delivered using optimized stimulation parameters to rsfMRI-determined targets at intensities determined by energy delivered to the cortex, and frequency personalized and synchronized to endogenous alpha-rhythms. Further research is needed to define the dose-response curve of each parameter on plasticity and clinical response at the group level, to determine how these parameters interact, and to ultimately personalize these parameters.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.