ArticleImmunity & ageing : I & A2022
Markers of systemic inflammation are positively associated with influenza vaccine antibody responses with a possible role for ILT2(+)CD57(+) NK-cells.
Article in Immunity & ageing : I & A, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Medication count, including statin or metformin use, is not associated with influenza vaccine responses in older adults.Vaccine · 2025Trial
- Particularly strong immune response to influenza vaccination in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis linked to systemic inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- CMV-specific clonal expansion of Th1, GZMKbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Elevated NK and T cell-associated cytokines in plasma are associated with serological response to influenza vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Genomic insights into mRNA COVID-19 vaccines efficacy: Linking genetic polymorphisms to waning immunity.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- NKG2C+CD57+ natural killer cells with senescent features are induced during cutaneous leishmaniasis and accumulate in patients with lesional healing impairment.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Article
- Age-associated changes in innate and adaptive immunity: role of the gut microbiota.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- Targeting the hallmarks of aging to improve influenza vaccine responses in older adults.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2023Review
- Article
- Emerging cellular senescence-centric understanding of immunological aging and its potential modulation through dietary bioactive components.Biogerontology · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWith increasing age, overall health declines while systemic levels of inflammatory mediators tend to increase. Although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, there is a wealth of data suggesting that this so-called "inflammaging" contributes to the risk of adverse outcomes in older adults. We sought to determine whether markers of systemic inflammation were associated with antibody responses to the seasonal influenza vaccine.
resultsOver four seasons, hemagglutination inhibition antibody titres and ex vivo bulk peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) responses to live influenza viruses assessed via interferon (IFN)-γ/interleukin (IL)-10 production, were measured pre- and 4-weeks post-vaccination in young adults (n = 79) and older adults randomized to standard- or high-dose inactivated vaccine (n = 612). Circulating tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were also measured pre-vaccination. Post-vaccination antibody titres were significantly associated with systemic inflammatory levels; specifically, IL-6 was positively associated with A/H3N2 titres in young adults (Cohen's d = 0.36), and in older high-dose, but not standard-dose recipients, all systemic inflammatory mediators were positively associated with A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B titres (d = 0.10-0.45). We further show that the frequency of ILT2(+)CD57(+) CD56-Dim natural killer (NK)-cells was positively associated with both plasma IL-6 and post-vaccination A/H3N2 titres in a follow-up cohort of older high-dose recipients (n = 63). Pathway analysis suggested that ILT2(+)CD57(+) Dim NK-cells mediated 40% of the association between IL-6 and A/H3N2 titres, which may be related to underlying participant frailty.
conclusionsIn summary, our data suggest a complex relationship amongst influenza vaccine responses, systemic inflammation and NK-cell phenotype in older adults, which depends heavily on age, vaccine dose and possibly overall health status. While our results suggest that "inflammaging" may increase vaccine immunogenicity in older adults, it is yet to be determined whether this enhancement contributes to improved protection against influenza disease.
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