Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35619114›Full record

Observational studyThe international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity2022

Associations of ultra-processed food intake with maternal weight change and cardiometabolic health and infant growth.

Jenna R Cummings, Leah M Lipsky, Carolina Schwedhelm, Aiyi Liu, Tonja R Nansel

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02217462 (Diet, Obesity, and Weight Change in Pregnancy), which is not on this map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.0field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02217462 completednot on this map

Diet, Obesity, and Weight Change in Pregnancy

TypeobservationalSponsorEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)Ran2014 to 2018Enrolled458ConditionsPregnancy
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. African American Food Environments and Anti-Inflammatory Intake in Pregnancy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Jenna R CummingsSocial and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8124-2666
Leah M LipskySocial and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA.
Carolina SchwedhelmMolecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.
Aiyi LiuBiostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA.
Tonja R NanselSocial and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA. nanselt@mail.nih.gov.
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development · USMax Delbrück Center · DE

Funding

Diet, Weight Change, and Obesity in Pregnancy / Pregnancy Eating Attributes (PEAS)ZIAHD008942 · NICHD · EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT · PI NANSEL, TONJA · 2014 to 2025
$7.8M
NICHD NIH HHS HHSN275201300012CNICHD NIH HHS HHSN275201300026I
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundExcessive intake of ultra-processed foods, formulated from substances extracted from foods or derived from food constituents, may be a modifiable behavioral risk factor for adverse maternal and infant health outcomes. Prior work has predominately examined health correlates of maternal ultra-processed food intake in populations with substantially lower ultra-processed food intake compared to the US population. This longitudinal study investigated relations of ultra-processed food intake with maternal weight change and cardiometabolic health and infant growth in a US cohort.

methodsMothers in the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study were enrolled at ≤12 weeks gestation and completed multiple 24-Hour Dietary Recalls within six visit windows through one-year postpartum (458 mothers enrolled, 321 retained at one-year postpartum). The NOVA (not an acronym) system categorized food and underlying ingredient codes based on processing level. Maternal anthropometrics were measured throughout pregnancy and postpartum, and infant anthropometrics were measured at birth and ages 2 months, 6 months, and 1 year. Maternal cardiometabolic markers were analyzed from blood samples obtained during the second and third trimesters.

resultsHolding covariates and total energy intake constant, a 1-SD greater percent energy intake from ultra-processed foods during pregnancy was associated with 31% higher odds of excessive gestational weight gain (p = .045, 95% CI [1.01, 1.70]), 0.68±0.29 mg/L higher c-reactive protein during pregnancy (p = .021, 95% CI [0.10, 1.26]), 6.7±3.4% greater gestational weight gain retained (p = .049, 95% CI [0.03, 13.30]), and 1.09±0.36 kg greater postpartum weight retention (p = .003, 95% CI [0.38, 1.80]). No other significant associations emerged.

conclusionsUltra-processed food intake during pregnancy may be a modifiable behavioral risk factor for adverse maternal weight outcomes and inflammation. Randomized controlled trials are needed to test whether targeting ultra-processed food intake during pregnancy may support optimal maternal health.

trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov. Registration ID - NCT02217462 . Date of registration - August 13, 2014.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesGestational Weight GainEatingFast FoodsFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornLongitudinal StudiesPregnancyWeight GainCardiometabolic healthInfant weight-for-lengthMaternal weight changePostpartumPregnancyUltra-processed food

Identifiers

PMID35619114
PMCPMC9137185
OpenAlexW4281570264

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.