ArticleCardiovascular engineering and technology2023
Comparison of Prospective and Retrospective Gated 4D Flow Cardiac MR Image Acquisitions in the Carotid Bifurcation.
Article in Cardiovascular engineering and technology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Analysis of Open-Source Finite Element Method Solvers for Computational Fluid Dynamics Performance in a Carotid Artery Model.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2026Article
- Four-dimensional flow MRI for quantitative assessment of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics: Status and opportunities.NMR in biomedicine · 2024Review
- Direct comparison of whole heart quantifications between different retrospective and prospective gated 4D flow CMR acquisitions.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Flow-based method demonstrates improved accuracy for calculating wall shear stress in arterial flows from 4D flow MRI data.Journal of biomechanics · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the agreement of 4D flow cMRI-derived bulk flow features and fluid (blood) velocities in the carotid bifurcation using prospective and retrospective gating techniques.
methodsProspective and retrospective ECG-gated three-dimensional (3D) cine phase-contrast cardiac MRI with three-direction velocity encoding (i.e., 4D flow cMRI) data were acquired in ten carotid bifurcations from men (n = 3) and women (n = 2) that were cardiovascular disease-free. MRI sequence parameters were held constant across all scans except temporal resolution values differed. Velocity data were extracted from the fluid domain and evaluated across the entire volume or at defined anatomic planes (common, internal, external carotid arteries). Qualitative agreement between gating techniques was performed by visualizing flow streamlines and topographical images, and statistical comparisons between gating techniques were performed across the fluid volume and defined anatomic regions.
resultsAgreement in the kinematic data (e.g., bulk flow features and velocity data) were observed in the prospectively and retrospectively gated acquisitions. Voxel differences in time-averaged, peak systolic, and diastolic-averaged velocity magnitudes between gating techniques across all volunteers were 2.7%, 1.2%, and 6.4%, respectively. No significant differences in velocity magnitudes or components ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) were observed. Importantly, retrospective acquisitions captured increased retrograde flow in the internal carotid artery (i.e., carotid sinus) compared to prospective acquisitions (10.4 ± 6.3% vs. 4.6 ± 5.3%; [Formula: see text] < 0.05).
conclusionProspective and retrospective ECG-gated 4D flow cMRI acquisitions provide comparable evaluations of fluid velocities, including velocity vector components, in the carotid bifurcation. However, the increased temporal coverage of retrospective acquisitions depicts increased retrograde flow patterns (i.e., disturbed flow) not captured by the prospective gating technique.
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