ArticleNature materials2022
3D printed protein-based robotic structures actuated by molecular motor assemblies.
Article in Nature materials, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Protein coacervation-driven active forces power protocell dynamics.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Three-dimensional robotic structures fabricated and powered entirely with proteins.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Soft magnetic microrobots with remote sensing and communication capabilities.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Deep Eutectic Inks for Multiphoton 3D Laser Microprinting.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Supramolecular Chalcogen-Bonded Shape Memory Actuators.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- Reconstituted systems for studying the architecture and dynamics of actin networks.The Biochemical journal · 2025Review
- Neural network conditioned to produce thermophilic protein sequences can increase thermal stability.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Nanoscale Biodegradable Printing for Designed Tuneability of Vaccine Delivery Kinetics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Direct detection of deformation modes on varying length scales in active biopolymer networks.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Responsive 3D Printed Microstructures Based on Collagen Folding and Unfolding.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Electrochemical signaling for artificial innervation of self-oscillating gels.Science and technology of advanced materials · 2025Article
- Density-dependent flow generation in active cytoskeletal fluids.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A water strider-inspired intestinal stent actuator for controllable adhesion and unidirectional biofluid picking.Materials today. Bio · 2024Article
- Design rules for controlling active topological defects.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Direct laser writing-enabled 3D printing strategies for microfluidic applications.Lab on a chip · 2024Review
- F-actin architecture determines the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical work.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Collective Molecular Machines: Multidimensionality and Reconfigurability.Nano-micro letters · 2024Review
- Integrated Design and Fabrication of Pneumatic Soft Robot Actuators in a Single Casting Step.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Upscaling motor protein activity to perform work in man-made devices has long been an ambitious goal in bionanotechnology. The use of hierarchical motor assemblies, as realized in sarcomeres, has so far been complicated by the challenges of arranging sufficiently high numbers of motor proteins with nanoscopic precision. Here, we describe an alternative approach based on actomyosin cortex-like force production, allowing low complexity motor arrangements in a contractile meshwork that can be coated onto soft objects and locally activated by ATP. The design is reminiscent of a motorized exoskeleton actuating protein-based robotic structures from the outside. It readily supports the connection and assembly of micro-three-dimensional printed modules into larger structures, thereby scaling up mechanical work. We provide an analytical model of force production in these systems and demonstrate the design flexibility by three-dimensional printed units performing complex mechanical tasks, such as microhands and microarms that can grasp and wave following light activation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.