ArticleJournal of veterinary science2022
Impact of inland waters on highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in neighboring poultry farms in South Korea.
Article in Journal of veterinary science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Transmission Pathways of Zoonotic Influenza Viruses and Influencing Factors: A Systematic Review of Recent Findings.Viruses · 2025Pooled it
- Three-Phase Decline in Reported Farm-Level Fowl Typhoid Occurrence in the Republic of Korea, 2000-2024: Temporal Alignment with the 2016-2017 H5N6 HPAI Epidemic.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Article
- From Clustered to Sporadic: Structural Shifts in the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of HPAI Following the 2017 Policy Reinforcement in South Korea (2003-2025).Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Risk factors for highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Japan during 2022-2023 season identified by additive Bayesian network modeling.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exploring Methods to Evaluate HPAI Transmission Risk in Iowa During Peak HPAI Incidence, February 2022-December 2023.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Evaluation of risk-based antigen and antibody surveillance strategies and their association with HPAI outbreaks in South Korean duck farms.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Avian Influenza: Lessons from Past Outbreaks and an Inventory of Data Sources, Mathematical and AI Models, and Early Warning Systems for Forecasting and Hotspot Detection to Tackle Ongoing Outbreaks.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Identification of Pre-Emptive Biosecurity Zone Areas for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Based on Machine Learning-Driven Risk Analysis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSince 2003, the H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype has caused massive economic losses in the poultry industry in South Korea. The role of inland water bodies in avian influenza (AI) outbreaks has not been investigated. Identifying water bodies that facilitate risk pathways leading to the incursion of the HPAI virus (HPAIV) into poultry farms is essential for implementing specific precautionary measures to prevent viral transmission.
objectivesThis matched case-control study (1:4) examined whether inland waters were associated with a higher risk of AI outbreaks in the neighboring poultry farms.
methodsRivers, irrigation canals, lakes, and ponds were considered inland water bodies. The cases and controls were chosen based on the matching criteria. The nearest possible farms located within a radius of 3 km of the case farms were chosen as the control farms. The poultry farms were selected randomly, and two HPAI epidemics (H5N8 [2014-2016] and H5N6 [2016-2017]) were studied. Conditional logistic regression analysis was applied.
resultsStatistical analysis revealed that inland waters near poultry farms were significant risk factors for AI outbreaks. The study speculated that freely wandering wild waterfowl and small animals contaminate areas surrounding poultry farms.
conclusionsPet birds and animals raised alongside poultry birds on farm premises may wander easily to nearby waters, potentially increasing the risk of AI infection in poultry farms. Mechanical transmission of the AI virus occurs when poultry farm workers or visitors come into contact with infected water bodies or their surroundings. To prevent AI outbreaks in the future, poultry farms should adopt strict precautions to avoid contact with nearby water bodies and their surroundings.
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