ArticlePediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology2022
The first reptilian allergen and major allergen for fish-allergic patients: Crocodile β-parvalbumin.
Article in Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Calcium-binding proteins as allergens.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Review
- Characteristics of food-related allergic reactions during travel: a scoping literature review.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2025Review
- Article
- Comparative studies of seafood and reptile α- and β-parvalbumins.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2024Article
- Review
- Mobile Zoos and Other Itinerant Animal Handling Events: Current Status and Recommendations for Future Policies.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Comprehensive Sequence Analysis of Parvalbumins in Fish and Their Comparison with Parvalbumins in Tetrapod Species.Biology · 2022Article
- The first reptilian allergen and major allergen for fish-allergic patients: Crocodile β-parvalbumin.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundClinical cross-reactivity between bony fish, cartilaginous fish, frog, and chicken muscle has previously been demonstrated in fish-allergic patients. In indicative studies, two reports of anaphylaxis following the consumption of crocodile meat and IgE-cross-binding were linked to the major fish allergen parvalbumin (PV). This study investigates IgE-binding proteins in crocodile meat with a focus on PV and their clinical relevance.
methodsProteins were extracted from muscle tissue of crocodile, three bony fish, and two cartilaginous fish. A cohort of fish-allergic pediatric patients (n = 77) underwent allergen skin prick testing (SPT) to three fish preparations (n = 77) and crocodile (n = 12). IgE-binding proteins were identified and quantified by SDS-PAGE, mass spectrometric analyses, and immunoblotting using commercial and in-house antibodies, as well as individual and pooled patients' serum. PV isoforms were purified or recombinantly expressed before immunological analyses, including human mast cell degranulation assay.
resultsOf the tissues analyzed, PV was most abundant in heated crocodile preparation, triggering an SPT of ≥3 mm in 8 of 12 (67%) fish-allergic patients. Seventy percent (31 of 44) of fish PV-sensitized patients demonstrated IgE-binding to crocodile PV. Crocodile β-PV was the major IgE-binding protein but 20-fold less abundant than α-PV. Cellular reactivity was demonstrated for β-PV and epitopes predicted, explaining frequent IgE-cross-binding of β-PVs. Both PV isoforms are now registered as the first reptile allergens with the WHO/IUIS (β-PV as Cro p 1 and α-PV as Cro p 2).
conclusionFish-allergic individuals may be at risk of an allergy to crocodile and should seek specialist advice before consuming crocodilian meat.
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