ReviewFrontiers in neural circuits2022
The Mesencephalic Locomotor Region: Beyond Locomotor Control.
Review in Frontiers in neural circuits, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Visual field position shapes input sampling and output routing in the superior colliculus.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Dementia with Lewy bodies and additional progressive supranuclear palsy presenting with early postural instability and frequent falls: an autopsy case.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Control of Blood Pressure Variability Across Behavioral States by Brainstem Adrenergic Neurons.Circulation research · 2026Article
- Neurons of the precuneiform nucleus share structural and functional properties of the mesencephalic locomotor region.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Restoration of locomotor function following stimulation of the A13 region in Parkinson's mouse models.eLife · 2025Article
- Multimodal sensory overload in dopamine-deficient larval zebrafish leads to paradoxical kinesia.Research square · 2025Article
- A Case of Acute-Onset, Refractory Freezing of Gait Following Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Adjustment.Cureus · 2025Article
- Behavioral, Endocrine, and Neuronal Responses to Odors in Lampreys.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- A hypothalamus-brainstem circuit governs the prioritization of safety over essential needs.Nature neuroscience · 2025Article
- Pedunculopontine-stimulation obstructs hippocampal theta rhythm and halts movement.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Anatomical pathways and functional implications of the rodent auditory system-basal ganglia interconnectivity.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Review
- Article
- Cerebellar Metabolic Connectivity during Treadmill Walking before and after Unilateral Dopamine Depletion in Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Spinal projecting neurons in rostral ventromedial medulla co-regulate motor and sympathetic tone.Cell · 2024Article
- The Mesencephalic Locomotor Region: Multiple Cell Types, Multiple Behavioral Roles, and Multiple Implications for Disease.The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry · 2024Review
- Inhibitory medial zona incerta pathway drives exploratory behavior by inhibiting glutamatergic cuneiform neurons.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Electrical stimulation of the cuneiform nucleus enhances the effects of rehabilitative training on locomotor recovery after incomplete spinal cord injury.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Efficacy and safety of deep brain stimulation in mesencephalic locomotor region for motor function in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia: a study protocol for a multi-center double-blind crossover randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- The Basal Ganglia and Mesencephalic Locomotor Region Connectivity Matrix.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Characterization of three cholinergic inputs to the cochlear nucleus.Journal of chemical neuroanatomy · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) was discovered several decades ago in the cat. It was functionally defined based on the ability of low threshold electrical stimuli within a region comprising the cuneiform and pedunculopontine nucleus to evoke locomotion. Since then, similar regions have been found in diverse vertebrate species, including the lamprey, skate, rodent, pig, monkey, and human. The MLR, while often viewed under the lens of locomotion, is involved in diverse processes involving the autonomic nervous system, respiratory system, and the state-dependent activation of motor systems. This review will discuss the pedunculopontine nucleus and cuneiform nucleus that comprises the MLR and examine their respective connectomes from both an anatomical and functional angle. From a functional perspective, the MLR primes the cardiovascular and respiratory systems before the locomotor activity occurs. Inputs from a variety of higher structures, and direct outputs to the monoaminergic nuclei, allow the MLR to be able to respond appropriately to state-dependent locomotion. These state-dependent effects are roughly divided into escape and exploratory behavior, and the MLR also can reinforce the selection of these locomotor behaviors through projections to adjacent structures such as the periaqueductal gray or to limbic and cortical regions. Findings from the rat, mouse, pig, and cat will be discussed to highlight similarities and differences among diverse species.
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Registered trials
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