ArticleDose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society
Effects of 3-Methyladenine on Microglia Autophagy and Neuronal Apoptosis After Radiation-Induced Brain Injury.
Article in Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- The antidepressive mechanism of Longya Lilium combined with Fluoxetine in mice with depression-like behaviors.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2024Pooled it
- The role of autophagy in spinal cord injury: Mechanisms, crosstalk, and therapeutic strategies.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Nitrobenzoyl-insulicolide A: a novel dinitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoid, induces autophagic cell death in small cell lung cancer cells.Marine life science & technology · 2025Article
- Xuebijing Promotes HMGB1-Mediated Autophagy to Alleviate Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Heat Stroke-Induced Brain Damage.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Investigating the Effect and Mechanism of 3-Methyladenine Against Diabetic Encephalopathy by Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Experimental Validation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Sepsis-associated encephalopathy: Autophagy and miRNAs regulate microglial activation.Physiological reports · 2024Review
- The Neuroprotection Effects of Exosome in Central Nervous System Injuries: a New Target for Therapeutic Intervention.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To determine the effect of the autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), on cognitive function changes, microglia activity, neuronal apoptosis, and inflammation in rats following radiation-induced brain injury. Methods: The following groups were established: control, model, and 3-MA. A rat model of radiation-induced brain injury was generated with a medium dose of X-rays. A Morris water maze was used to observe the cognitive function of the rats. H&E staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the hippocampus. The morphological and quantitative changes of neuronal nuclear (NeuN)-positive neurons and Iba-1-positive microglia in the ipsilateral hippocampus were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Western blot analysis was done to measure the changes of NeuN ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1(Iba-1) and apoptosis-related proteins. Immunofluorescence staining of Iba-1 and Microtuble-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) was done to evaluate the changes in microglia autophagy. TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptosis in the hippocampus. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay was used to detect the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 as a measure of the inflammatory response in the hippocampus. Results: After irradiation, the nucleus of the neurons in the hippocampus was constricted, the pyramidal tract structure was disordered, neuronal apoptosis was increased ( Conclusion: Radiation can active the Microglia. 3-MA inhibits autophagy and excessive activity in microglia, and promotes the conversion of microglia from the M1 to the M2 type, thereby promoting the recovery of brain tissue following radiation exposure.
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