ArticleJournal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England)2022
Trends in burnout and psychological distress in hospital staff over 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective longitudinal survey.
Article in Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 and common mental health symptoms in the early phase of the pandemic: An umbrella review of the evidence.PLoS medicine · 2023Pooled it
- STOPTHEBURN: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Death Cafés for Burnout Prevention in Intensive Care Unit Employees.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2024Trial
- Employee Perceptions of a Clinical Department's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Implementing after action review in an Irish tertiary hospital: a mixed-methods evaluation of safety culture and second victim experience and support.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Experiences of Loss and Grief Among Brazilian Frontline Healthcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis: A Grounded Theory Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on Acute Care Nurses: An Integrative Review.Journal of advanced nursing · 2026Review
- Burnout in Canadian Physiatrists: A National Cross-sectional Survey.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Three years of pandemic stress and staffing challenges: a retrospective qualitative study of COVID-19 impacts on frontline healthcare workers' mental health and wellbeing.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Occupational Stress and Burnout Among Public Health Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Morocco.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Psychosocial Risks and Protective Factors for Healthcare Worker Burnout During the Post-Acute Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025Article
- Enduring Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Physicians in Pakistan: A Mixed-Methods Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Burnout trajectories among healthcare workers during a pandemic, and predictors of change.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Ontario healthcare workers who sought treatment for their mental health during the first five waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: a snapshot of self-referrals across the province.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2025Article
- Nurse resilience, burnout, pandemic stress, and post-traumatic stress: A secondary analysis of a longitudinal cohort.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- A 2-year longitudinal study of anxiety caused by COVID-19 and job burnout among Iranian healthcare workers.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A longitudinal study of hospital workers' mental health from fall 2020 to the end of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2023.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- COVID-19 and mental distress among health professionals in eight European countries during the third wave: a cross-sectional survey.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Effectiveness of CURA: Healthcare professionals' moral resilience and moral competences.Nursing ethics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe mental health effects of healthcare work during the COVID-19 pandemic have been substantial, but it is not known how long they will persist. This study aimed to determine if hospital workers' burnout and psychological distress increased monotonically over 1 year, during which waves of case numbers and hospitalizations waxed and waned, or followed some other pattern.
methodsA prospective longitudinal survey was conducted at four time-points over 1 year in a cohort of 538 hospital workers and learners, which included validated measures of burnout (emotional exhaustion scale of Maslach Burnout Inventory) and psychological distress (K6). Repeated measures ANOVA tested changes over time and differences between subjects by occupational role, age and ethnic group. The direction and magnitude of changes over time were investigated by plotting rates of high scores (using cut-offs) at each time-point compared to case rates of COVID-19 in the city in which the study took place.
resultsThere were significant effects of occupational role (F = 11.2, p < .001) and age (F = 12.8, p < .001) on emotional exhaustion. The rate of high burnout was highest in nurses, followed by other healthcare professionals, other clinical staff, and lowest in non-clinical staff. Peak rates of high burnout occurred at the second or third measurement point for each occupational group, with lower rates at the fourth measurement point. Similarly to the results for emotional exhaustion, rates of high psychological distress peaked at the spring 2021 measurement point for most occupational groups and were higher in nurses than in other healthcare professionals.
conclusionsNeither emotional exhaustion nor psychological distress was rising monotonically. Burnout and psychological distress were consistently related to occupational role and were highest in nurses. Although emotional exhaustion improved as the case rate of COVID-19 decreased, rates of high emotional exhaustion in nurses and other healthcare professionals remained higher than was typically measured in hospital-based healthcare workers prior to the pandemic. Ongoing monitoring of healthcare workers' mental health is warranted. Organizational and individual interventions to support healthcare workers continue to be important.
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