ArticleBMC public health2022
Determinants of COVID-19 skepticism and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy: findings from a national population survey of U.S. adults.
Article in BMC public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bridging science and spirituality: the intersection of religion and public health in the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Emotional Flow in Vaccine Communication: Psychophysiological and Persuasive Responses to Preventive Health Messages.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Personalized feedback about immunity corrects risk misestimation and motivates vaccination.PNAS nexus · 2026Article
- Article
- Is equitable priority vaccination of vulnerable people feasible in a real-world context? The case of Belgium.European journal of public health · 2025Article
- How Attribution of COVID-19 Crisis Responsibility Predicts Hong Kong Citizens' Intention to Accept Vaccination.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Spatiotemporal Ecologic Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Outcomes, Oklahoma, USA, February 2020-December 2021.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Cognitive flexibility predicts attitudes towards vaccination: evidence from a New Zealand sample.BMC psychology · 2024Article
- Faith and vaccination: a scoping review of the relationships between religious beliefs and vaccine hesitancy.BMC public health · 2024Article
- The challenges of epidemiologic translation: communicating with physicians, policymakers, and the public.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Insight into pharmacy students' perspectives on mandatory COVID-19 vaccines in schools and healthcare settings.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2024Article
- Sociodemographic and socioeconomic disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Belgium: a nationwide record linkage study.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2023Article
- Novel Psychosocial Correlates of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Cross-Sectional Survey.JMIR formative research · 2023Article
- Impact of Political Leaning on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Network-Based Multiple Mediation Analysis.Cureus · 2023Article
- How Do Religious and Political Beliefs Predict COVID-19 Vaccination Behavior Among U.S. College Students? A Study Using the Health Belief Model.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2023Article
- Rural-Urban Differences in Vaccination and Hesitancy Rates and Trust: US COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey on a Social Media Platform, May 2021-April 2022.American journal of public health · 2023Article
- Trust in science and scientists among university students, staff, and faculty of a large, diverse university in Los Angeles during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Trojan Pandemic Response Initiative.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Skepticism, Reasons, and Concerns Between Mass Vaccination Centers and General Practices in Germany 2021.Patient preference and adherence · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe enduring presence of COVID-19 skepticism and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy is an ongoing impediment to the global response effort to the current pandemic. This study seeks to identify determinants of skepticism and vaccine hesitancy in U.S. adults.
methodsData are from the Values and Beliefs of the American Public Survey, conducted in 2021 by the Gallup Organization in conjunction with Baylor University. The survey used stratified random probability sampling of the U.S. adult population (N = 1222). Outcome measures were respective single items assessing COVID-19 skepticism and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy. Exposure variables included political, religious, and sociodemographic indicators, and moderators assessed personal history of COVID-19 and losing a relative or close friend to COVID-19.
resultsSkepticism and vaccine hesitancy were strongly associated with conservative and Republican political preference and conservative religious beliefs, and less so with socioeconomic status. Personal experience with COVID-19 did not mitigate the effect of politics on skepticism and barely reduced the odds for hesitancy. Results confirm that attitudes toward COVID-19 are politically and religiously conditioned, and are especially a product of conservative political preference.
conclusionSkepticism about COVID-19 and hesitancy regarding SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are highest among the political and religious right. Efforts to increase immunization through public education may be inadequate; resistance appears ideological. Other solutions may need to be considered, which risk widespread pushback both politically and religiously motivated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.