ArticleNature medicine2022
Long COVID after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article in Nature medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06042530 (Cognitive Impairment and Fatigue After Mild to Moderate COVID-19 - Relation to Biomarkers and Neuronal Network Functions), which is not on this map. Cited by 516 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Cognitive Impairment and Fatigue After Mild to Moderate COVID-19 - Relation to Biomarkers and Neuronal Network Functions
Who cites it
516 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 864 citations in OpenAlex.
- Persistent inflammatory cytokine signature in long Covid-19 patients: a meta-analysis.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Dyspnea and Chronic Fatigue in Patients With Long COVID: Clinical Characteristics and Associated Laboratory Parameters.Pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Factors affecting the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on post COVID-19 conditions among adults: A systematic literature review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of vaccination on prevention of long COVID.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Neurological Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2.Viruses · 2025Pooled it
- Predictors of Anxiety, Depression, and Stress in Long COVID: Systematic Review of Prevalence.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Evidence on the associations and safety of COVID-19 vaccination and post COVID-19 condition: an updated living systematic review.Epidemiology and infection · 2025Pooled it
- Unraveling Cardiovascular Risks and Benefits of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Organising Pneumonia Secondary to COVID-19: A 2-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- COVID-19-Related Healthcare Utilization and Costs in a Large Insured US Population, 2021-2025.Applied health economics and health policy · 2026Observational
- Low serum selenium combined with SELENOP-autoantibodies are associated with persistent fatigue after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Redox biology · 2026Article
- Association Between Post-COVID Consequences and Cognitive Performance in University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2026Article
- Article
- Brain corticogenesis promotes SARS-CoV-2 neuro-glial tropism through lipid-dependent viral replication.Stem cell reports · 2026Article
- β-Cell Dysfunction in COVID-19 and Post-COVID Syndrome: Molecular Mechanisms Linking Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Insulin Secretion.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- COVID-19 Is Airborne AIDS: Provocative Oversimplification, Emerging Science, or Something in Between?AJPM focus · 2026Review
- Lung endothelial cytopathic tau is sufficient to impair long-term potentiation during infection.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2026Article
- 2024-2025 COVID-19 Vaccine and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Among US Veterans.JAMA internal medicine · 2026Article
- Phenotypic Evolution, Clinical Subtypes, and Independent Predictors of Long COVID: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Six Years of COVID-19: Lessons from Epidemiology, Vaccination Campaigns, Clinical Risk Stratification, and Thromboembolic Surveillance.Vaccines · 2026Review
456 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection-also referred to as Long COVID-have been described, but whether breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection (BTI) in vaccinated people results in post-acute sequelae is not clear. In this study, we used the US Department of Veterans Affairs national healthcare databases to build a cohort of 33,940 individuals with BTI and several controls of people without evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including contemporary (n = 4,983,491), historical (n = 5,785,273) and vaccinated (n = 2,566,369) controls. At 6 months after infection, we show that, beyond the first 30 days of illness, compared to contemporary controls, people with BTI exhibited a higher risk of death (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.59, 1.93) and incident post-acute sequelae (HR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.46, 1.54), including cardiovascular, coagulation and hematologic, gastrointestinal, kidney, mental health, metabolic, musculoskeletal and neurologic disorders. The results were consistent in comparisons versus the historical and vaccinated controls. Compared to people with SARS-CoV-2 infection who were not previously vaccinated (n = 113,474), people with BTI exhibited lower risks of death (HR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.74) and incident post-acute sequelae (HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.89). Altogether, the findings suggest that vaccination before infection confers only partial protection in the post-acute phase of the disease; hence, reliance on it as a sole mitigation strategy may not optimally reduce long-term health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The findings emphasize the need for continued optimization of strategies for primary prevention of BTI and will guide development of post-acute care pathways for people with BTI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.