ArticleScientific reports2022
A portable non-invasive microwave based head imaging system using compact metamaterial loaded 3D unidirectional antenna for stroke detection.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Metamaterial-enhanced MIMO antenna array system for non-invasive cerebral hemorrhage assessment in elderly and disabled patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Microwave head imaging systems for early brain tumor detection: antenna designs and emerging substrates.MethodsX · 2025Review
- Microwave imaging for human brain stroke detection using frequency domain inverse modelling & phantom experiments.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Enhancing Clinical Insights: New Radiographic Grading for Lumbar Facet Joint Degeneration, A Reliability Study.JOR spine · 2025Article
- Article
- Realistic 3D Phantoms for Validation of Microwave Sensing in Health Monitoring Applications.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Clinical electromagnetic brain scanner.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
A metamaterial (MTM) loaded compact three-dimensional antenna is presented for the portable, low-cost, non-invasive microwave head imaging system. The antenna has two slotted dipole elements with finite arrays of MTM unit cell and a folded parasitic patch that attains directional radiation patterns with 80% of fractional bandwidth. The operating frequency of the antenna is 1.95-4.5 GHz. The optimization of MTM unit cell is performed to increase the operational bandwidth, realized gain, and efficiency of the antenna within the frequency regime. It is also explored to improve radiation efficiency and gain when placed to head proximity. One-dimensional mathematical modelling is analyzed to precisely estimate the power distribution that validates the performance of the proposed antenna. To verify the imaging capability of the proposed system, an array of 9 antennas and a realistic three-dimensional tissue-emulating experimental semi-solid head phantom are fabricated and measured. The backscattered signal is collected from different antenna positions and processed by the updated Iterative Correction of Coherence Factor Delay-Multiply-and-Sum beamforming algorithm to reconstruct the hemorrhage images. The reconstructed images in simulation and experimental environment demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system as a portable platform to successfully detect and locate the hemorrhages inside the brain.
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