Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35614158›Full record

Trial reportAesthetic plastic surgery2022

Evaluation of Chlorhexidine Concentration on the Skin After Preoperative Surgical Site Preparation in Breast Surgery-A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Ana Carolina Campolina, Juan Pablo B R Maricevich, Ricardo Oliveira Silva, Fernando Santa-Cruz, Lucas Ribeiro Coutinho, Marco Maricevich, Sarth Raj, Álvaro A B Ferraz

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ana Carolina CampolinaPlastic Surgery Unit, Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil. anacarolina@avivacirurgiaplastica.com.br.ORCID 0000-0002-3359-2618
Juan Pablo B R MaricevichPlastic Surgery Unit, Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Ricardo Oliveira SilvaDepartment of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Fernando Santa-CruzDepartment of Surgery, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Lucas Ribeiro CoutinhoMedical school, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Marco MaricevichDivision of Plastic Surgery, Micheal E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
Sarth RajDivision of Plastic Surgery, Micheal E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
Álvaro A B FerrazDepartment of Surgery, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough there is a rationale supporting that preoperative showering with 2% or 4% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) would decrease skin bacterial colonization, there is no consensus that this practice reduces the risk of surgical site infection (SSI).

objectivesAnalyze the skin concentration of CHG after preoperative showering associated with the traditional skin preparation with CHG 4% for breast surgery.

methodsRandomized controlled trial that included 45 patients, all candidates for augmentation mammaplasty, allocated into three groups (A: no preoperative showering; B: one preoperative showering; C: two preoperative showering with CHG 4%) in a 1:1:1 ratio. Skin swabs collection was performed right before the surgical incision. The samples were, then, sent to spectrophotometry in order to determine the skin concentration of CHG at the beginning of surgery.

resultsThe age ranged from 18 to 61 years, with a mean of 37 years old. Group C had the lowest median concentration (0.057) followed by group B (0.060) and group A (0.072), however, with no statistical significance. The areola was the place with the lowest median concentration level (0.045), followed by the axilla (0.061) and the inframammary fold (IMF) (0.069). Still, when comparing the distribution of the sites, a statistically significant difference was found only between the axilla and the areola (p = 0.022).

conclusionPreoperative showering with CHG 4% did not increase the concentration of this agent on the skin surface right before the surgical incision. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsSurgical WoundAdolescentAdultChlorhexidineFemaleHumansMiddle AgedPreoperative CareSurgical Wound InfectionYoung AdultChlorhexidinechlorhexidine gluconateAugmentation mammaplastyBreast surgeryCare bundlesSkin antisepsisSurgical site infection

Identifiers

PMID35614158

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.