ArticleNature communications2022
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans prevent immune cell phenotypic conversion and inflammation resolution via TLR4 in rodent models of spinal cord injury.
Article in Nature communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent Advances in Hydrogels as Therapeutic Tools for Spinal Cord Injury Regeneration.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Application of oscillating field stimulation in the treatment of spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- The application of stem cell sheets for neuronal regeneration after spinal cord injury: a systematic review of pre-clinical studies.Systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- ROS-responsive hydrogel delivering liposomal indole-3-propionic acid promotes spinal cord injury repair by enhancing CX3CL1-CX3CR1 mediated neuron-microglia communication.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Extracellular matrix remodeling therapeutic strategies to tackle central nervous system diseases.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- An integrated investigation of systemic and localized pathophysiological mechanisms of stroke and multimodal therapeutic strategies.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026Review
- Elevated phagocytic capacity directs innate spinal cord repair.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Glycosaminoglycans in tissue regeneration: Insights into glycobiology and their biomedical application.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- The microglia-derived protein Sema4ab attenuates regenerative neurogenesis after spinal cord injury in zebrafish.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Quantitative LC-MS/MS profiling reveals aberrant chondroitin sulfate in Alzheimer's disease.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Widespread AAV-mediated CSPG digestion impairs functional recovery after cervical spinal cord injury.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Impeding glial scarring hyperplasia and activating axon neogenesis via immunomodulatory microneedle patch for spinal cord repair.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Aqueous and methanol extracts of Paullinia pinnata improve MSUc uptake in macrophages and in vitro antioxidant effects.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Resolving the glycosaminoglycan signature of ischemic stroke brain using PRM-based IR-MALDESI mass spectrometry imaging.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans in CNS Development and Pathophysiology.Journal of neuroscience research · 2026Review
- From Regeneration Failure to Functional Restoration: Unlocking the Neuronal-Intrinsic Regenerative Capacity as a Therapeutic Frontier for Optic Neuropathy and Glaucoma.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Disrupting CSPG-Driven Microglia-Astrocyte Crosstalk Enables Scar-Free Repair in Spinal Cord Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Regulation of microglial polarization via notch signaling pathway by intrathecal administration of tanshinone IIA-PLGA sustained-release microspheres to promote neurological recovery after spinal cord injury.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Engineered CCR2 positive macrophages coordinate immunoregulation with neural regeneration and matrix remodeling after spinal cord injury.Theranostics · 2026Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) act as potent inhibitors of axonal growth and neuroplasticity after spinal cord injury (SCI). Here we reveal that CSPGs also play a critical role in preventing inflammation resolution by blocking the conversion of pro-inflammatory immune cells to a pro-repair phenotype in rodent models of SCI. We demonstrate that enzymatic digestion of CSPG glycosaminoglycans enhances immune cell clearance and reduces pro-inflammatory protein and gene expression profiles at key resolution time points. Analysis of phenotypically distinct immune cell clusters revealed CSPG-mediated modulation of macrophage and microglial subtypes which, together with T lymphocyte infiltration and composition changes, suggests a role for CSPGs in modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses after SCI. Mechanistically, CSPG activation of a pro-inflammatory phenotype in pro-repair immune cells was found to be TLR4-dependent, identifying TLR4 signalling as a key driver of CSPG-mediated immune modulation. These findings establish CSPGs as critical mediators of inflammation resolution failure after SCI in rodents, which leads to prolonged inflammatory pathology and irreversible tissue destruction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.