ArticleBMJ open2022
Factors associated with marital status of women with genital fistula after childbirth: a retrospective review in nine African countries.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- How many women in East Africa suffer from iatrogenic fistula after caesarean birth?BMJ global health · 2026Article
- A Comprehensive Understanding of Global Female Genital Fistula and Stigma: A Systematic Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis.Stigma and health · 2025Article
- Understanding Women's Pregnancy Intentions, Decision-Making, and Factors Influencing Reproductive Choices After Genital Fistula Repair in Uganda: A Qualitative Study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Living with obstetric fistula: learnings from nine African countries.BMJ global health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo examine characteristics associated with remaining married with fistula.
designRetrospective record review and logistic regression.
settingTanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Malawi, Zambia, Rwanda, Ethiopia, Somalia and South Sudan.
participantsWomen who developed fistula during childbirth (1975-2017) and sought treatment (1994-2017). OUTCOME MEASURE: Self-reported status of living with original husband at time of presentation for fistula repair.
resultsOver half of the women lived with their husbands at the time of fistula treatment (57.2%, 3375/5903). The strongest predictor of remaining married with fistula was either parity at fistula development (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.4-4.4) or living kids at fistula repair (among women who had not given birth between fistula development and repair) (AOR 1.7-4.9). Predicted probability of remaining married declined sharply over the first 2 years of incontinence, levelling out thereafter. Predicted probability of remaining married was lower for women with both urinary and faecal incontinence (AOR 0.68) as compared with women with urinary incontinence alone. Probability of remaining married with fistula declined over time (AOR 1.03-0.57). The woman's education was not a statistically significant predictor, but the odds of remaining married were 26% higher if the husband had any formal schooling.
conclusionMost husbands do not abandon wives with fistula following childbirth. Treatment, counselling, social support and rehabilitation must consider the circumstances of each woman, engaging men as partners where appropriate. Communities and facilities offering fistula repair services should stress the importance of early intervention.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.