ArticleBMJ open2022
Geographic variation in COVID-19 vulnerability by legal immigration status in California: a prepandemic cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Experiences of Immigrants During Disasters in the US: A Systematic Literature Review.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2025Pooled it
- Social vulnerabilities among immigrants and refugees in emergencies and disasters: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- What Makes Urban Communities More Resilient to COVID-19? A Systematic Review of Current Evidence.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- Association between the COVID-19 pandemic and childhood development aged 30 to 36 months in South Korea, based on the National health screening program for infants and children database.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Willingness to Receive the COVID-19 Vaccine in California: Disparities by Race and Citizenship Status.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo quantify COVID-19 vulnerabilities for Californian residents by their legal immigration status and place of residence.
designSecondary data analysis of cross-sectional population-representative survey data. DATA: All adult respondents in the restricted version of the California Health Interview Survey (2015-2020, n=128 528). OUTCOME MEASURE: Relative Social Vulnerability Indices for COVID-19 by legal immigration status and census region across six domains: socioeconomic vulnerability; demography and disability; minority status and language barriers; high housing density; epidemiological risk; and access to care.
resultsUndocumented immigrants living in Southern California's urban areas (Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego-Imperial) have exceptionally high vulnerabilities due to low socioeconomic status, high language barriers, high housing density and low access to care. San Joaquin Valley is home to vulnerable immigrant groups and a US-born population with the highest demographic and epidemiological risk for severe COVID-19.
conclusionInterventions to mitigate public health crises must explicitly consider immigrants' dual disadvantage from social vulnerability and exclusionary state and federal safety-net policies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.