ArticlePloS one2022
Prevalence of gambling problems, help-seeking, and relationships with trauma in veterans.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- An evolving threat: Problem gambling and sports wagering in the United States military.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2026Article
- Coping, Civilian Transition, and Gambling Harm Severity in UK Armed Forces Veterans.Journal of gambling studies · 2026Article
- Gambling and hidden practices in forensic psychiatry: a qualitative study of ambivalence, autonomy, and negotiated care.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The developmental path to gambling disorder among U.S. veterans: a life-course perspective.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Barriers to Gambling Treatment Among American Military Personnel: A Qualitative Study.Journal of gambling studies · 2025Article
- Metabolic and quality of life effects of growth hormone replacement in patients with TBI and AGHD: A pilot study.Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society · 2023Observational
- Acceptance and commitment therapy for co-occurring gambling disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans: a narrative review.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2023Review
- Problem gambling severity in a nationally representative sample of the Israeli population: the moderating role of ethnonational affiliation.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsVeterans who have recently left the military (i.e., transitioned) may be vulnerable to the development of psychiatric disorders, but little is known about gambling problems in this population. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of gambling problems, help-seeking amongst veterans with gambling problems, and relationships with trauma and posttraumatic psychopathology.
methodsCross-sectional self-report survey data from 3,511 Australian Defence Force members who left the military within the past five years. Surveys included measures of gambling problems (PGSI); depressive symptoms (PHQ-9); posttraumatic stress disorder (PCL-5); help-seeking behaviours; military and non-military-related trauma.
resultsPrevalence rates for problem gambling (PGSI ≥ 5) were 4.6%, while an additional 8.8% were classified in terms of at-risk gambling (PGSI = 1-4). Time since leaving the military was not associated with gambling problems. Only 2.1% of veterans with problem gambling reported help-seeking for their gambling. While trauma exposure, depression, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) were all related to gambling problems at the bivariate level, only arousal and dysphoric-related affect were uniquely associated with gambling problems when adjusting for covariates. DISCUSSION: Gambling problems may be under-recognised relative to other psychiatric issues. Posttraumatic mental health problems, rather than trauma exposure per se, may explain the relationship between trauma and gambling problems.
conclusionsSome veterans are in a period of vulnerability during transition out of military service, and harms associated with gambling problems may be exacerbated during this period.
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