ArticlePloS one2022
Role of biochar and compost in cadmium immobilization and on the growth of Spinacia oleracea.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Minimization of cadmium toxicity and improvement in growth and biochemical attributes of spinach by using acidified biochar.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Synergistic application ofPeerJ · 2025Article
- Exploring the synergistic effects of indole acetic acid (IAA) and compost in the phytostabilization of nickel (Ni) in cauliflower rhizosphere.BMC plant biology · 2024Article
- Enhancing cauliflower growth under cadmium stress: synergistic effects of Cd-tolerantFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Retraction: Role of biochar and compost in cadmium immobilization and on the growth of Spinacia oleracea.PloS one · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2022-08-17Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation · Conflict of Interest · Compromised Peer Review ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of biochar and compost application on Spinacia oleracea growth in cadmium contaminated soil. Cd toxicity decreased plant growth and biomass significantly and also negatively affected the physiological and biochemical attributes of plants. However, the application of biochar and compost improved the contaminated soil by reducing Cd toxicity and causing its immobilization, which in turn improved plant growth. The combined application of biochar and compost significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced biomass and photosynthetic pigments development in plants. The treatments also increased membrane stability index by 45.12% and enhanced water using efficiency by 218.22%, respectively. The increase in antioxidant activities was 76.03%, 29.02%, and 123.27% in superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, respectively. The combined application also reduced the cadmium content (reduced 40.14% in root and 51.16% shoot), its translocation (19.67% decrease), and bioaccumulation (52.63% and 40.32% decrease in Cd content in shoot and root, respectively) in spinach plant. Among the two selected varieties of S. oleracea, Desi palak (V1) performed better as compared to Kanta palak (V2). It can be concluded that the combined application of biochar and compost is one of the best strategies to reduce the toxicity level of Cd in plants and to improve their growth.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.