ArticleGlia2022
Deletion of Tgfβ signal in activated microglia prolongs hypoxia-induced retinal neovascularization enhancing Igf1 expression and retinal leukostasis.
Article in Glia, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- A fatty acid amide activates myeloid cells and improves neurovascular outcomes in retinal degeneration.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Characterization of vascular tortuosity throughout the murine oxygen-induced retinopathy model of ischemic retinopathy.JCI insight · 2026Article
- The Role and Diagnostic Potential of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 in Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- BARD1-mediated stabilization of METTL14 promotes retinal neovascularization by m6A-modifying MXD1 mRNA on a YTHDF2-dependent manner.Theranostics · 2025Article
- Development of an Open-Source Dataset of Flat-Mounted Images for the Murine Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy Model of Ischemic Retinopathy.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Microenvironment Drives Microglial Polarization and Promotes Angiogenesis and Fibrosis via Cyclooxygenase-2/Prostaglandin E2 Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- ω-3PUFAs Inhibit Hypoxia-Induced Retinal Neovascularization via Regulating Microglial Pyroptosis through METTL14-Mediated m6A Modification of IFNB1 mRNA.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Article
- Microglia in retinal angiogenesis and diabetic retinopathy.Angiogenesis · 2024Review
- Microglial Galectin3 enhances endothelial metabolism and promotes pathological angiogenesis via Notch inhibition by competitively binding to Jag1.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- Azithromycin and Sildenafil May Have Protective Effects on Retinal Ganglion Cells via Different Pathways: Study in a Rodent Microbead Model.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Microglia: The breakthrough to treat neovascularization and repair blood-retinal barrier in retinopathy.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Kurarinone alleviates hemin-induced neuroinflammation and microglia-mediated neurotoxicity by shifting microglial M1/M2 polarization via regulating the IGF1/PI3K/Akt signaling.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Development of a Semi-automated Computer-based Tool for the Quantification of Vascular Tortuosity in the Murine Retina.Ophthalmology scienceArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Retinal neovascularization (NV) is the major cause of severe visual impairment in patients with ischemic eye diseases. While it is known that retinal microglia contribute to both physiological and pathological angiogenesis, the molecular mechanisms by which these glia regulate pathological NV have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we utilized a retinal microglia-specific Transforming Growth Factor-β (Tgfβ) receptor knock out mouse model and human iPSC-derived microglia to examine the role of Tgfβ signaling in activated microglia during retinal NV. Using a tamoxifen-inducible, microglia-specific Tgfβ receptor type 2 (Tgfβr2) knockout mouse [Tgfβr2 KO (ΔMG)] we show that Tgfβ signaling in microglia actively represses leukostasis in retinal vessels. Furthermore, we show that Tgfβ signaling represses expression of the pro-angiogenic factor, Insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1), independent of Vegf regulation. Using the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) we show that Tgfβ signaling in activated microglia plays a role in hypoxia-induced NV where a loss in Tgfβ signaling microglia exacerbates and prolongs retinal NV in OIR. Using human iPSC-derived microglia cells in an in vitro assay, we validate the role of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (Tgfβ1) in regulating Igf1 expression in hypoxic conditions. Finally, we show that Tgfβ signaling in microglia is essential for microglial homeostasis and that the disruption of Tgfβ signaling in microglia exacerbates retinal NV in OIR by promoting leukostasis and Igf1 expression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.