ArticleGlobal change biology2022
Anoxia decreases the magnitude of the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus sink in freshwaters.
Article in Global change biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advancing Near-Term Water Quality Forecasting with Explainable Machine Learning and Probabilistic Uncertainty Quantification.ACS ES&T water · 2026Article
- Seasonality of lake microbial denitrification and its sensitivity to climate warming.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Anoximixis: Mixing of anoxic bottom waters influences biogeochemical and ecological processes in lakes.Bioscience · 2026Review
- Satellites reveal widespread deoxygenation of large global reservoirs from 1984 to 2023.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Divergent oxygen trends in ice-covered lakes driven by ice-cover decline and ecological memory.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Global inland-water oxygen cycle has changed in the Anthropocene.Science advances · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal patterns in urban nutrient and suspended sediment loads and stream response to watershed management implementation.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2025Article
- Contrasting Magnitude and Timing of Pulsed Aqueous Methylmercury Bioaccumulation across a Reservoir Food Web.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Article
- New York State Climate Impacts Assessment Chapter 05: Ecosystems.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2024Article
- The chemical succession in anoxic lake waters as source of molecular diversity of organic matter.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Core taxa drive microeukaryotic community stability of a deep subtropical reservoir after complete mixing.Environmental microbiology reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Anoxia decreases the magnitude of the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus sink in freshwaters.Global change biology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oxygen availability is decreasing in many lakes and reservoirs worldwide, raising the urgency for understanding how anoxia (low oxygen) affects coupled biogeochemical cycling, which has major implications for water quality, food webs, and ecosystem functioning. Although the increasing magnitude and prevalence of anoxia has been documented in freshwaters globally, the challenges of disentangling oxygen and temperature responses have hindered assessment of the effects of anoxia on carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations, stoichiometry (chemical ratios), and retention in freshwaters. The consequences of anoxia are likely severe and may be irreversible, necessitating ecosystem-scale experimental investigation of decreasing freshwater oxygen availability. To address this gap, we devised and conducted REDOX (the Reservoir Ecosystem Dynamic Oxygenation eXperiment), an unprecedented, 7-year experiment in which we manipulated and modeled bottom-water (hypolimnetic) oxygen availability at the whole-ecosystem scale in a eutrophic reservoir. Seven years of data reveal that anoxia significantly increased hypolimnetic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations and altered elemental stoichiometry by factors of 2-5× relative to oxic periods. Importantly, prolonged summer anoxia increased nitrogen export from the reservoir by six-fold and changed the reservoir from a net sink to a net source of phosphorus and organic carbon downstream. While low oxygen in freshwaters is thought of as a response to land use and climate change, results from REDOX demonstrate that low oxygen can also be a driver of major changes to freshwater biogeochemical cycling, which may serve as an intensifying feedback that increases anoxia in downstream waterbodies. Consequently, as climate and land use change continue to increase the prevalence of anoxia in lakes and reservoirs globally, it is likely that anoxia will have major effects on freshwater carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus budgets as well as water quality and ecosystem functioning.
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