Observational studyInternational journal of obesity (2005)2022
Emergence of the adolescent obesity epidemic in the United States: five-decade visualization with humanoid avatars.
Observational study in International journal of obesity (2005), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03706612 (Shape Up! Kids Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Shape Up! Kids Study
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Monitoring growth and body composition in children with 3-dimensional optical imaging: a pilot observational study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Observational
- Avatar generator: a tool for prediction of three-dimensional humanoid avatars from manual anthropometric measurements.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- The Critical Role of Body Composition Assessment in Advancing Research and Clinical Health Risk Assessment across the Lifespan.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Accurate prediction of three-dimensional humanoid avatars for anthropometric modeling.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2024Article
- Trunk-to-leg volume and appendicular lean mass from a commercial 3-dimensional optical body scanner for disease risk identification.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2024Article
- Accurate Prediction of Three-Dimensional Humanoid Avatars for Anthropometric Modeling.Research square · 2024Article
- The apple doesn't fall far from the tree: is there a connection between the body mass indexes of adolescents and their parents?International journal of adolescent medicine and health · 2024Article
- Accuracy and Precision of 3-dimensional Optical Imaging for Body Composition by Age, BMI, and Ethnicity.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Observational
- Monitoring body composition change for intervention studies with advancing 3D optical imaging technology in comparison to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesBody size and shape have increased over the past several decades with one in five adolescents now having obesity according to objective anthropometric measures such as weight, height, and body mass index (BMI). The gradual physical changes and their consequences may not be fully appreciated upon visual inspection by those managing the long-term health of adolescents. This study aimed to develop humanoid avatars representing the gradual changes in adolescent body size and shape over the past five decades and to align avatars with key BMI percentile cut points for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. PARTICIPANTS/
methodsParticipants included 223 children and adolescents between the ages of 5 and 18 years approximately representative of the race/ethnicity and BMI of the noninstitutionalized US population. Each participant completed a three-dimensional whole-body scan, and the collected data was used to develop manifold regression models for generating humanoid male and female avatars from specified ages, weights, and heights. Secular changes in the mean weights and heights of adolescents were acquired from six U.S. National Health and Nutrition Surveys beginning in 1971-1974 and ending in 2015-2018. Male and female avatars at two representative ages, 10 and 15 years, were developed for each survey and at the key BMI percentile cut points based on data from the 2015-2018 survey.
resultsThe subtle changes in adolescent Americans' body size and shape over the past five decades are represented by 24 male and female 10- and 15-year-old avatars and 8 corresponding BMI percentile cut points.
conclusionsThe current study, the first of its kind, aligns objective physical examination weights and heights with the visual appearance of adolescents. Aligning the biometric and visual information may help improve awareness and appropriate clinical management of adolescents with excess adiposity passing through health care systems.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.Gov NCT03706612.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.