ArticleThe Annals of thoracic surgery2023
Deep Learning to Predict Mortality After Cardiothoracic Surgery Using Preoperative Chest Radiographs.
Article in The Annals of thoracic surgery, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the Potential of AI and Augmented Reality in Cardiovascular Disease Management: A Narrative Review.Current cardiology reviews · 2026Review
- Risk assessment in cardiac surgery: Exploring machine learning and laboratory indices as adjunctive tools.PloS one · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence in Thoracic Surgery: A Review Bridging Innovation and Clinical Practice for the Next Generation of Surgical Care.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Deep learning to predict long-term mortality from plain chest X-ray in patients referred for suspected coronary artery disease.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- Overview and Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Cardiac Anesthesiology.Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia · 2024Review
- Machine learning in cardiac surgery: a narrative review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality (STS-PROM) estimates mortality risk only for certain common procedures (eg, coronary artery bypass or valve surgery) and is cumbersome, requiring greater than 60 inputs. We hypothesized that deep learning can estimate postoperative mortality risk based on a preoperative chest radiograph for cardiac surgeries in which STS-PROM scores were available (STS index procedures) or unavailable (non-STS index procedures).
methodsWe developed a deep learning model (CXR-CTSurgery) to predict postoperative mortality based on preoperative chest radiographs in 9283 patients at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) having cardiac surgery before April 8, 2014. CXR-CTSurgery was tested on 3615 different MGH patients and externally tested on 2840 patients from Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) having surgery after April 8, 2014. Discrimination for mortality was compared with the STS-PROM using the C-statistic. Calibration was assessed using the observed-to-expected ratio (O/E ratio).
resultsFor STS index procedures, CXR-CTSurgery had a C-statistic similar to STS-PROM at MGH (CXR-CTSurgery: 0.83 vs STS-PROM: 0.88; P = .20) and BWH (0.74 vs 0.80; P = .14) testing cohorts. The CXR-CTSurgery C-statistic for non-STS index procedures was similar to STS index procedures in the MGH (0.87 vs 0.83) and BWH (0.73 vs 0.74) testing cohorts. For STS index procedures, CXR-CTSurgery had better calibration than the STS-PROM in the MGH (O/E ratio: 0.74 vs 0.52) and BWH (O/E ratio: 0.91 vs 0.73) testing cohorts.
conclusionsCXR-CTSurgery predicts postoperative mortality based on a preoperative CXR with similar discrimination and better calibration than the STS-PROM. This may be useful when the STS-PROM cannot be calculated or for non-STS index procedures.
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