ArticleAging2022
Glioblastoma: two immune subtypes under the surface of the cold tumor.
Article in Aging, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human neural organoid modeling of diffuse midline glioma captures the complexity of patient tumors.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Tumor-associated M2 macrophages shape the cerebrospinal fluid immunoprofile, and the soluble CD163/type I interferon ratio correlates with prognosis in high grade glioma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Understanding Neovascularization in Glioblastoma: Insights from the Current Literature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A comprehensive analysis identifies and validates NPC1 as a potential biomarker for prognosis in HCC.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- Glioma stem cells remodel immunotolerant microenvironment in GBM and are associated with therapeutic advancements.Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers · 2024Review
- Correlation of tumor-associated macrophage infiltration in glioblastoma with magnetic resonance imaging characteristics: a retrospective cross-sectional study.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2023Article
- Cuproptosis-related gene SLC31A1 expression correlates with the prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment in glioma.Functional & integrative genomics · 2023Article
- Radiogenomic biomarkers for immunotherapy in glioblastoma: A systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging studies.Neuro-oncology advancesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma is classified as an immunocompromised tumor. The immune pattern beneath the cold tumor surface, however, has yet to be confirmed. Understanding the immune pattern of glioblastoma will aid in the development of effective treatment strategies. We performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis on all immune-related genes in TCGA-GBM transcriptional data and screened 35 prognosis-related immune genes. Unsupervised consistent clustering of these genes was used to analyze the immunological pattern of GBM. A glioblastoma immune prognostic score was developed by using 13 genes discovered by cox regression methods and verified with the GEO dataset to assess the immune profile, prognosis, and immunotherapy effects in individual patients. Glioblastoma has two immune modalities, immune tolerance and immunodeficiency, with distinct immune microenvironments, tumor-associated macrophages being one of the most promising new therapeutic targets. GIPS is a promising biomarker for assessing immune evasion mechanisms, immunotherapy responses, and prognosis in patients.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.