ArticlePloS one2022
Payments and freedoms: Effects of monetary and legal incentives on COVID-19 vaccination intentions in Germany.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Impact of incentives on COVID-19 vaccination; A systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Economic Incentives for COVID-19 Vaccination Among Employees of a Safety-Net Health System and Medical Center in Southern California: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- The Influence of Financial Incentives on Vaccination Hesitancy: A Narrative Review of Recent Research.Vaccines · 2025Review
- [Vaccine hesitancy in postpandemic times-A guide for physicians].Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Do COVID-19 Vaccination Policies Backfire? The Effects of Mandates, Vaccination Passports, and Financial Incentives on COVID-19 Vaccination.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2024Review
- Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination in Belize.Vaccine: X · 2023Article
- The backfiring effects of monetary and gift incentives on Covid-19 vaccination intentions.China economic review · 2023Article
- How does the vaccine approval procedure affect COVID-19 vaccination intentions?European economic review · 2023Article
- What motivates adults to accept influenza vaccine? An assessment of incentives, ease of access, messaging, and sources of information using a discrete choice experiment.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine fatigue.Nature medicine · 2023Article
- Assessing the user satisfaction on COVID-19 vaccination service in Indonesia.Journal of public health research · 2023Article
- Ethical Challenges Involved in COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates for Children: A Systematic Review.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Different Interventions for COVID-19 Primary and Booster Vaccination? Effects of Psychological Factors and Health Policies on Vaccine Uptake.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2023Article
- Quasi-experimental evaluation of a financial incentive for first-dose COVID-19 vaccination among adults aged ≥60 years in South Africa.BMJ global health · 2022Article
- Exploring the impact of Quebec's vaccine lottery and vaccine passports on Covid-19 vaccination intention: Findings from repeated cross-sectional surveys.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Crowdsourcing interventions to promote uptake of COVID-19 booster vaccines.EClinicalMedicine · 2022Article
- The impact of financial incentives on COVID-19 vaccination intention among a sample of U.S. adults.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- Are we expecting too much for too long from the vaccinators? A qualitative study on perceived challenges of COVID-19 vaccinators of district Shahdol, India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Opt-out policy and its improvements promote COVID-19 vaccinations.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Article
- The Effectiveness of Interventions for Increasing COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake: A Systematic Review.Vaccines · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Monetary and legal incentives have been proposed to promote COVID-19 vaccination uptake. To evaluate the suitability of incentives, an experiment with German participants examined the effects of payments (varied within subjects: 0 to 10,000 EUR) and freedoms (varied between subjects: vaccination leading vs. not leading to the same benefits as a negative test result) on the vaccination intentions of previously unvaccinated individuals (n = 782) in April 2021. While no effect could be found for freedoms, the share of participants willing to be vaccinated increased with the payment amount. However, a significant change required large rewards of 3,250 EUR or more. While monetary incentives could increase vaccination uptake by a few percentage points, the high costs of implementation challenge the efficiency of the measure and call for alternatives. As the data suggest that considering vaccination as safe, necessary, and prosocial increases an individual's likelihood of wanting to get vaccinated without payment, interventions should focus on these features when promoting vaccination against COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.