SynthesisMaternal and child health journal2022
Global Prevalence of Anemia in Pregnant Women: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Maternal and child health journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose versus oral iron in pregnant women with anemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of mHealth-Based Nutritional Interventions on Iron Status of Pregnant Women: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Pooled it
- Modifiable risk factors for anemia in pregnancy: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Pooled it
- The Effect of Maternal Haemoglobinopathies and Iron Deficiency Anaemia on Foetal Growth Restriction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Anemia in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, determinants, and health impacts in Egypt.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Pooled it
- High Prevalence and Predictors of Maternal Anemia Risk: Nationwide Midwife-Reported Screening in Indonesia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Predictive Factors for Small Head Circumference Among Pregnant Women with Third-Trimester Anemia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Multidimensional Profiles Associated with Gestational Anemia in Primary Healthcare Networks of Northern Peru.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Maternal Anemia and Pediatric Neurodevelopment in Children from Mothers Exposed to Mixed Heavy Metals in Suriname.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Article
- Article
- Iron deficiency with and without anemia in pregnancy: A scoping review of prevalence and perinatal impact.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- Perioperative Anemia in Patients Planned for Cesarean Deliveries: A Quality Improvement Audit from a Private Tertiary Care Center of Pakistan.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Advancing Maternal Health with Long-Acting Therapeutics: Priorities, Efficacy and Safety Considerations, and Emerging Technologies.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Review
- Prevalence, risk factors, and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes of anemia during pregnancy: a retrospective study in China, 2012-2020.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Pregnancy Outcomes Associated With Anemia in the First Trimester and Anemia Resolution by Late Pregnancy.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2026Article
- The association between the degree of social vulnerability and maternal anemia and other adverse perinatal outcomes.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Anaemia and Maternal Iron Intakes in Pregnancy and Child Asthma: An Observational Analysis From a Longitudinal Cohort.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Spontaneous Resolution of Extensive Haemosiderin Skin Staining Following Iron Infusion During Pregnancy.Cureus · 2026Article
- Feasibility of a Noncontact Photoplethysmography-Based Mobile App for Noninvasive Hemoglobin Monitoring: Exploratory Observational Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Observational
- Low Birth Weight and Associated Factors in Sudan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAnemia is one of the most critical health conditions affecting people worldwide. The disease is silent, with a slow progression and a few physical symptoms. Anemia during pregnancy carries the risk of premature birth, low birth weight, and fetus malformations and can impose additional costs on society and families. Therefore, the aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women worldwide.
methodsIn this work, we have conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies that have examined the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women globally. The Google Scholar, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, Medline (PubMed), and Web of Science (WoS) databases were searched for articles published between 1991 and 2021. The search keywords were anemia, pregnancy, prevalence, and meta-analysis. In order to analyze the eligible studies, the stochastic effects model was used, and the heterogeneity of the studies was examined using the I
resultsThe search resulted in 338 deduplicated studies, of which 52 studies with a total sample size of 1,244,747 people were included in this review. According to the results of the meta-analysis, the overall prevalence of anemia in pregnant women is 36.8% (95% confidence interval: 31.5-42.4%). The highest prevalence of anemia is mild at 70.8 (95% CI 58.1-81) and highest in the third trimester of pregnancy with the prevalence of 48.8 (95% CI 38.7-58.9), while the highest prevalence of anemia in pregnant women was in Africa with the prevalence of 41.7 (95% CI 32.3-49.4).
conclusionThe results of this study show a high prevalence of anemia among pregnant women worldwide, and the highest of this prevalence is mild anemia. The prevalence of anemia in the third trimester was higher than in the first and second trimesters. Anemia in pregnant women in developing countries is significantly higher than in developed countries due to pregnancy's economic, sociological, and health factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.