Observational studyJournal of endocrinological investigation2022
First baseline data of the Klinefelter ItaliaN Group (KING) cohort: clinical features of adult with Klinefelter syndrome in Italy.
Observational study in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Phenotypic variability in Klinefelter syndrome: clinical findings including reported fatherhood.Endocrine · 2026Article
- Impact of age at first visit on glycolipid metabolism, bone metabolism, and fertility potential in patients with Klinefelter syndrome.Andrology · 2026Article
- The Chronobiology of Hormone Administration: "Doctor, What Time Should I Take My Medication?"Endocrine reviews · 2025Review
- Article
- Reproductive hormones, bone mineral content, body composition, and testosterone therapy in boys and adolescents with Klinefelter syndrome.Endocrine connections · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundKlinefelter syndrome (KS) is frustratingly under-diagnosed. KS have a broad spectrum of clinical features, making it difficult to identify.
objectiveWe describe KS clinical presentation in a large Italian cohort.
designThis is the first observational cohort study within a national network, the Klinefelter ItaliaN Group (KING). Primary outcomes were to describe the basic clinical features and the actual phenotype of KS in Italy. Secondary outcomes were to determine age at diagnosis and geographical distribution.
methodsWe performed a basic phenotyping and evaluation of the hormonal values of 609 adult KS patients.
resultsMean age at diagnosis was 37.4 ± 13.4 years. The overall mean testicular size was 3 ml, and 2.5 ml in both testes in untreated KS group. BMI was 26.6 ± 5.8 kg/m
conclusionsThese data are the results of the only national database available that collects the clinical and hormonal data of the KS patients, currently referred at the KING centers. In Italy the typical KS patient is overweight, with small testes, and elevated LH and FSH. Only 25.5% of them are diagnosed with MetS. Early detection and timely treatment are mandatory.
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