ReviewClinical and experimental medicine2023
Hyperviscosity syndrome in COVID-19 and related vaccines: exploring of uncertainties.
Review in Clinical and experimental medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pregnancy and COVID-19: high or low risk of vertical transmission.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Long term outcomes of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in post covid condition: longitudinal follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke Occurring After ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 Vaccination Without Evidence of Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia: A Case Report and Focused Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Incidental Adrenal Hemangioma: A Diagnostic and Management Challenge.JCEM case reports · 2025Article
- Study of blood flow patterns in a stenosed artery through the combined effect of body acceleration and generalized womersley solution.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dose Intervals and Time since Final Dose on Changes in Metabolic Indices after COVID-19 Vaccination.Vaccines · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and dysregulation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway.Cell stress & chaperones · 2023Review
- Variations of blood viscosity in acute typhoid fever: A cross-sectional study.Journal of medicine and life · 2023Article
- Catalase Activity of IgGs of Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Impact of hyperchloremia on inflammatory markers, serum creatinine, hemoglobin, and outcome in critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection.Journal of medicine and life · 2023Article
- Mixed storm in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A narrative review and new term in the Covid-19 era.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- Targeting of neuroinflammation by glibenclamide in Covid-19: old weapon from arsenal.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Review
- Article
- Pathophysiology of Post-COVID syndromes: a new perspective.Virology journal · 2022Review
- Retinal artery/vein occlusion complicating SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hyperviscosity syndrome (HVS) recently emerged as a complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, the objectives of this critical review are to establish the association between COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines with the development of HVS. HVS may develop in various viral infections due to impairment of humoral and cellular immunity with elevation of immunoglobulins. COVID-19 can increase blood viscosity (BV) through modulation of fibrinogen, albumin, lipoproteins, and red blood cell (RBC) indices. HVS can cause cardiovascular and neurological complications in COVID-19 like myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. HVS with or without abnormal RBCs function in COVID-19 participates in the reduction of tissue oxygenation with the development of cardio-metabolic complications and long COVID-19. Besides, HVS may develop in vaccine recipients with previous COVID-19 due to higher underlying Ig concentrations and rarely without previous COVID-19. Similarly, patients with metabolic syndrome are at the highest risk for propagation of HVS after COVID-19 vaccination. In conclusion, COVID-19 and related vaccines are linked with the development of HVS, mainly in patients with previous COVID-19 and underlying metabolic derangements. The possible mechanism of HVS in COVID-19 and related vaccines is increasing levels of fibrinogen and immunoglobulins. However, dehydration, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reactions are regarded as additional contributing factors in the pathogenesis of HVS in COVID-19. However, this critical review cannot determine the final causal relationship between COVID-19 and related vaccines and the development of HVS. Prospective and retrospective studies are warranted in this field.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.