ArticleDiabetes care2022
Novel Subgroups of Type 2 Diabetes Display Different Epigenetic Patterns That Associate With Future Diabetic Complications.
Article in Diabetes care, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- DNA methylation risk score for type 2 diabetes is associated with gestational diabetes.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Pooled it
- Prediabetes Subgroups, Type 2 Diabetes Risk, and Differential Effects of Preventive Interventions.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025 · on this mapTrial
- Distinct multi-omics signatures of clinical subgroups of type 2 diabetes define heterogeneous responses to an insulin sensitizer.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The changing epidemiology of human type 2 diabetes-associated atherosclerosis: Pathophysiological mechanisms and emerging treatment possibilities.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Genetic Susceptibility to Diabetes Subtypes and Risk of Developing Coronary Artery Disease.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Cell-specific DNA methylation in human alpha and beta cells regulates gene expression in type 2 diabetes.Nature metabolism · 2026Article
- Pesticides associated with incident diabetes among licensed private pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study cohort (1993-2021).Environment international · 2026Article
- Stratifying high-risk prediabetes clusters using blood-based epigenetic markers.Biomarker research · 2026Article
- Ubiquitination modifications as central regulators of metabolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Heterogeneity of diabetes and disease progression with a tree-like representation: findings from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) study.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Integrating Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with intervention mapping to enhance self-care in type 2 diabetes: a conceptual framework.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- Poly-epigenetic scores for cardiometabolic risk factors interact with demographic factors and health behaviors in older US Adults.Epigenetics · 2025Article
- Type 2 diabetes subtypes classification: a global reckoning with heterogeneity.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2025Article
- From omics to AI-mapping the pathogenic pathways in type 2 diabetes.FEBS letters · 2025Review
- Appraisal of Clinical Explanatory Variables in Subtyping of Type 2 Diabetes Using Machine Learning Models.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Diabetic retinal disease.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Epigenetic biomarkers predict macrovascular events in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Characterizing trajectories of diabetes-related health parameters before diabetes diagnosis in diabetes subtypes: analysis of a 20-year long prospective cohort study in Sweden.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- Blood-Based Epigenetic Biomarkers Associated With Incident Chronic Kidney Disease in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes · 2025Article
- Leveraging DNA methylation to create Epigenetic Biomarker Proxies that inform clinical care: A new framework for Precision Medicine.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveType 2 diabetes (T2D) was recently reclassified into severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD), severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD), mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD), and mild age-related diabetes (MARD), which have different risk of complications. We explored whether DNA methylation differs between these subgroups and whether subgroup-unique methylation risk scores (MRSs) predict diabetic complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsGenome-wide DNA methylation was analyzed in blood from subjects with newly diagnosed T2D in discovery and replication cohorts. Subgroup-unique MRSs were built, including top subgroup-unique DNA methylation sites. Regression models examined whether MRSs associated with subgroups and future complications.
resultsWe found epigenetic differences between the T2D subgroups. Subgroup-unique MRSs were significantly different in those patients allocated to each respective subgroup compared with the combined group of all other subgroups. These associations were validated in an independent replication cohort, showing that subgroup-unique MRSs associate with individual subgroups (odds ratios 1.6-6.1 per 1-SD increase, P < 0.01). Subgroup-unique MRSs were also associated with future complications. Higher MOD-MRS was associated with lower risk of cardiovascular (hazard ratio [HR] 0.65, P = 0.001) and renal (HR 0.50, P < 0.001) disease, whereas higher SIRD-MRS and MARD-MRS were associated with an increased risk of these complications (HR 1.4-1.9 per 1-SD increase, P < 0.01). Of 95 methylation sites included in subgroup-unique MRSs, 39 were annotated to genes previously linked to diabetes-related traits, including TXNIP and ELOVL2. Methylation in the blood of 18 subgroup-unique sites mirrors epigenetic patterns in tissues relevant for T2D, muscle and adipose tissue.
conclusionsWe identified differential epigenetic patterns between T2D subgroups that associated with future diabetic complications. These data support a reclassification of diabetes and the need for precision medicine in T2D subgroups.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.