ReviewJournal of translational medicine2022
Exhaustion of CAR T cells: potential causes and solutions.
Review in Journal of translational medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Comprehensive analysis of the efficacy and safety of CAR T-cell therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Cell-based cancer immunotherapy: milestones, mechanistic insights, and emerging therapeutic directions.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Cell-autonomous control of CAR signaling and receptor shedding via ADAM17-mediated proteolysis.Cell · 2026Article
- Enhancing persistence while managing cytokine release syndrome to embrace next-generation CAR-T cell therapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- A Comprehensive Evaluation of CAR-T Cell Gene Therapy, Tracing its Revolutionary Clinical Breakthroughs and Advancements Towards Next-Generation Engineering.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Reprogramming CD22 CAR-T cells in vivo using CD8-targeted mRNA-LNPs to treat hematological malignancies.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Targeting the immunological synapse in multiple myeloma.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- T cell adaptation in chronic infections and tumors.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Determinants of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cell Success: In Vitro and In Vivo Preclinical Assessment.Cancers · 2026Review
- NOT-gated chimeric antigen receptor circuits in T and NK cells.Cell systems · 2026Article
- Engineering of genetically encoded programmable calcium channel inhibitory binders.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Targeting CB1 and TRPM8 receptors to counteract CD8+ T cell exhaustion.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Combining Small-Molecular Compounds With CAR T-Cell Therapy: Novel Strategies for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy.Cancer innovation · 2026Review
- Auto-inducible expression of chimeric antigen receptor T cells using the NR4A1 promoter.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Article
- Are we there yet? The road to faster and more efficient CAR T cell manufacturing.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Review
- Viscoelastic hydrogel primed CAR-macrophage for pulmonary fibrosis treatment.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Human pluripotent stem cell-derived innate and adaptive immune cells for cancer immunotherapy.Cell stem cell · 2026Review
- CXCR4 induces memory formation over exhaustion in CAR-T cells to achieve durable leukemia targeting.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Outcomes of bispecific antibodies after CAR T-cell failure for large B-cell lymphoma: results from the ABC consortium.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Upregulation of the TCA Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation Enhances the Fitness of CD99 CAR-T Cells Under Dynamic Cultivation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has attracted attention for its promising therapeutic effects on hematological malignancies. However, there are problems such as relapse during long-term follow-up and limited effect on solid tumors with this therapy. Exhaustion, which impairs in vivo persistence and killing activity of CAR T cells, is one of the causes of these issues. Depending on their structure of extracellular portion, some CARs induce tonic signals in the absence of ligand stimulation and induce exhaustion phenotype in CAR T cells. Analysis of these self-activating CARs is expected to provide key information for understanding and resolving CAR T cell exhaustion. In this review, we introduced examples of self-activating CARs and summarized their phenotypes to figure out how CAR T cell exhaustion occurs. Further, we aimed to review promising solutions to the CAR T cell exhaustion that hampers generalized application of CAR T cell therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.